Direct Integration of 3D Printing and Cryogel Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering.

Cryogels, known for their biocompatibility and porous structure, lack mechanical strength, while 3D-printed scaffolds have excellent mechanical properties but limited porosity resolution. By combining a 3D-printed plastic gyroid lattice scaffold with a chitosan-gelatin cryogel scaffold, a scaffold can be created that balances the advantages of both fabrication methods. This study compared the pore diameter, swelling potential, mechanical characteristics, and cellular infiltration capability of combined scaffolds and control cryogels.

Randomized Phase II Trial Comparing Bevacizumab Plus Carboplatin and Paclitaxel With Carboplatin and Paclitaxel Alone in Previously Untreated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab plus carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with advanced or recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer.

Patients And Methods: In a phase II trial, 99 patients were randomly assigned to bevacizumab 7.5 (n = 32) or 15 mg/kg (n = 35) plus carboplatin (area under the curve = 6) and paclitaxel (200 mg/m) every 3 weeks or carboplatin and paclitaxel alone (n = 32).

A Rare Presentation of Intraosseous Sarcoidosis of the Mandible Presenting as Peri-Implantitis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

We describe a rare case of intraosseous sarcoidosis initially presenting as peri-implantitis, perform a review and analysis of 27 cases of intraosseous sarcoidosis, and provide a clinical review of this condition. We searched the literature for patients presenting with intraosseous sarcoidosis of the jaw through June 2020 using key phrases. Additional papers were included via a search of references and citing papers.

Penetrating Midface Trauma: A Case Report, Review of the Literature, and a Diagnostic and Management Protocol.

Purpose: Penetrating facial trauma is an uncommon injury, but patients who present with these dramatic situations require special consideration. We describe the case of a young man who had been shot with an arrow that deeply penetrated his midface as well as report the results of a literature review of penetrating midface injuries. The information gathered was used to create a diagnostic protocol for patients who sustain such injuries.

A Phase III study of zanubrutinib plus rituximab versus bendamustine plus rituximab in transplant-ineligible, untreated mantle cell lymphoma.

Mantle cell lymphoma is an aggressive B-cell malignancy. Current frontline chemoimmunotherapies produce high response rates but relapse is inevitable. Furthermore, the elderly and those with comorbidities are precluded from standard regimens and stem cell transplant, leaving them with limited options.

Zanubrutinib for the treatment of patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia: 3 years of follow-up.

Inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) have established therapeutic activity in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). Zanubrutinib, a potent and selective BTK inhibitor, was evaluated in a phase 1/2 study in patients with WM who were either treatment-naïve (TN) or had relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease. Patients had disease requiring treatment per International Workshop on Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (IWWM) criteria.

An Anatomic Predisposition to Mandibular Angle Fractures.

Purpose: To investigate a predisposition to mandibular angle fractures, a retrospective study was performed in which fractured mandibles were compared with healthy mandibles with no history of fracture. Other investigations of angle fracture risk have exclusively studied patients with existing fractures. In addition, the risk has not been comprehensively explained in conjunction with the specific features of mandibular anatomy.

Crystal structures and rotational dynamics of a two-dimensional metal halide perovskite (OA)PbI.

The extended charge carrier lifetime in metal halide perovskites is responsible for their excellent optoelectronic properties. Recent studies indicate that the superb device performance in these materials is intimately related to the organic cation dynamics. Here, we focus on the investigation of the two-dimensional hybrid perovskite, (CHNH)PbI (henceforth, OA = CHNH ).

A randomized phase II trial of nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine with tarextumab or placebo in patients with untreated metastatic pancreatic cancer.

Purpose: Notch signaling dysregulation is implicated in the development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Tarextumab is a fully human IgG2 antibody that inhibits Notch2/3 receptors.

Patients And Methods: Aphase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial evaluated the activity of tarextumab in combination with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with metastatic PDAC.

A Rare Case of Odontogenic Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media.

Common causes of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) include persistence of acute otitis media, cholesteatoma, and eustachian tube dysfunction. We describe a patient who presented with CSOM of several years duration refractory to medical management. Ultimately, a dental abscess was found on computed tomography (CT) to be the source of concurrent ipsilateral maxillary sinusitis and mastoiditis.

The application of group sequential stopping boundaries to evaluate the treatment effect of an experimental agent across a range of biomarker expression.

Using stopping boundaries developed for group sequential trials, we control the overall type 1 error for a series of tests that evaluate the treatment effect of an experimental agent in each of several predefined marker subgroups. We then go on to present a procedure based on these group sequential stopping boundaries that provides strong control of type 1 error for testing a series of hypothesis regarding the treatment effect over a range of marker expression. Finally this use of group sequential procedures to control the type 1 error in biomarker subset testing will be compared with some other benchmark procedures in a simulation.

Chemical Identification at the Solid-Liquid Interface.

Solid-liquid interfaces are decisive for a wide range of natural and technological processes, including fields as diverse as geochemistry and environmental science as well as catalysis and corrosion protection. Dynamic atomic force microscopy nowadays provides unparalleled structural insights into solid-liquid interfaces, including the solvation structure above the surface. In contrast, chemical identification of individual interfacial atoms still remains a considerable challenge.

Independent adjudication of symptomatic heart failure with the use of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by trastuzumab adjuvant therapy: a combined review of cardiac data from the National Surgical Adjuvant breast and Bowel Project B-31 and the North Central Cancer Treatment Group N9831 clinical trials.

Purpose: An independent Adjuvant Cardiac Review and Evaluation Committee (ACREC) systematically reviewed cases of symptomatic heart failure events to uniformly define the cardiac event rate across two large trials (National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project [NSABP] B-31 and North Central Cancer Treatment Group [NCCTG] N9831) that assessed the addition of trastuzumab to standard adjuvant chemotherapy.

Patients And Methods: The committee was composed of six independent oncologists and cardiologists. A retrospective review of patients with a cardiac event was performed by the primary investigators of the trials.

Health-related quality of life impact of bevacizumab when combined with irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin or 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer.

Purpose: To compare the time to deterioration in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer receiving a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy regimen with or without the addition of bevacizumab (BV) in two randomized, placebo-controlled studies.

Patients And Methods: Prespecified HRQoL endpoints in the phase II (Study 2192) and phase III (Study 2107) studies were time to deterioration in HRQoL, measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal (FACT-C) Colorectal Cancer Subscale (CCS), Trial Outcome Index (TOI-C), and FACT-C total score. Time to deterioration in HRQoL was evaluated for patients with baseline and postbaseline assessments, using the stratified log-rank test.

Quantifying the usefulness of PD biomarkers in Phase 2 screening trials of oncology drugs.

This paper develops a framework for evaluating the usefulness of a PD biomarker as a primary endpoint in a Phase 2 screening trial of an oncology drug. We judge the contribution of the PD biomarker by assessing its impact on the efficiency of the drug development process. 'Efficiency' is defined as the probability that an active drug is found to be effective in Phase 3 divided by the sum of the expected number of events in Phase 3 and the pre-Phase 2 drug development costs appropriately normalized.

Utilization of tracheostomy in craniomaxillofacial trauma at a level-1 trauma center.

Purpose: The decision to perform a tracheostomy on patients with maxillofacial trauma is complex. There is little data exploring the role of tracheostomy in facial fracture management. We sought to profile the utilization of tracheostomy in the context of maxillofacial trauma at our institution by comparing patients who required tracheostomy with and without facial fractures versus those with facial fractures not requiring tracheostomy.

Arterial thromboembolic events in patients with metastatic carcinoma treated with chemotherapy and bevacizumab.

Background: Although combination treatment with bevacizumab (humanized monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor) and chemotherapy improves survival of patients with various metastatic carcinomas, an increased risk of arterial thromboembolic events has been observed in some trials. We characterized this risk by performing post hoc analyses of randomized controlled trials that evaluated combination treatment with bevacizumab and chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone. Low-dose aspirin was permitted in these trials, and its safety was also analyzed.

Are Phase 2 screening trials in oncology obsolete?

Phase 2 studies in Oncology are controversial because on the one hand they are substantially underpowered for making assessments of activity and on the other hand they are used as a screen to determine whether a Phase 3 trial is warranted. In this paper, we undertake a systematic assessment of the properties of a Phase 2 study in the context of a drug development program. We will show that, when considering only the efficiency of a clinical trials program, Phase 2 screening trials can substantially increase the efficiency with which drugs that provide clinical benefit are identified.

An adaptive Simon Two-Stage Design for Phase 2 studies of targeted therapies.

The field of specialized medicine and clinical development programs for targeted cancer therapies are rapidly expanding. The proposed Phase 2 design allows for preliminary determination of efficacy that may be restricted to a particular sub-population defined by biomarker status (presence/absence). The design is an adaptation of the Simon Two-Stage Design.

Endpoints for agents that slow tumor growth.

The endpoints of confirmed response and progression are widely used in oncology clinical trials. These endpoints originated at a time when agents used to treat cancer were primarily cytotoxic. Increasingly agents that are cytostatic are being investigated in combination with agents that are cytotoxic.

Application of a facial injury severity scale in craniomaxillofacial trauma.

Purpose: To establish a Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS) that correlates with patient outcome and provides a practical tool for communication between clinicians and healthcare personnel for management of facial trauma.

Patients And Methods: All patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) at Legacy Emanuel Hospital (Level One Trauma Center) in Portland, Oregon between 01/1993 and 6/2003 with facial fractures with or without concomitant non-facial injuries where identified retrospectively. The diagnosis and treatment of all facial fractures were conducted by the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) service.

Impact of vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression, thrombospondin-2 expression, and microvessel density on the treatment effect of bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer.

Purpose: Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF). In the pivotal trial in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), addition of bevacizumab to first-line irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (IFL) significantly prolonged median survival. The aim of these retrospective subset analyses was to evaluate VEGF, thrombospondin-2 (THBS-2), and microvessel density (MVD) as prognostic factors and/or predictors of benefit from bevacizumab.

Prognostic factors in intraoral squamous cell carcinoma: the influence of histologic grade.

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to review the outcome of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma treated at a single institution by primary surgical resection with or without adjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy and to identify factors affecting survival and locoregional control.

Patients And Methods: The records of 233 patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma treated at a single institution from 1993 to 2003 were identified from the Legacy Emanuel Hospital and Health Center's cancer registry (Portland, OR). All patients undergoing surgical resection as a primary treatment modality were included in the study.

Comparison of the severity of bilateral Le Fort injuries in isolated midface trauma.

Purpose: The Le Fort classification pattern established in 1901 by the French surgeon Rene Le Fort is commonly used in describing midface fractures. This frequently used classification system is based on predictable patterns of midface fractures initially described for blunt trauma. The purpose of this study was to compare the profile and outcome of patients with isolated bilateral Le Fort I, II, and III fractures.

Association of k-ras, b-raf, and p53 status with the treatment effect of bevacizumab.

Background: A recent phase III trial showed that the addition of bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor-A, to first-line irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin (IFL) prolonged median survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. We carried out a retrospective analysis of patients in the trial to evaluate whether mutation status of k-ras, b-raf, or p53 or P53 expression could predict which patients were more likely to respond to bevacizumab.

Methods: Microdissected tumors from 295 patients (274 primary tumors, 21 metastases) were subject to DNA sequence analysis to identify mutations in k-ras, b-raf, and p53.