A software-based observational coding approach for evaluating paediatric dental pain, anxiety, and fear.

Background: Dental practitioners desire non-pharmacological methods to alleviate anxiety, fear, and pain in children receiving dental care; high-quality evidence, however, is required to evaluate methods' efficacy.

Aim: This study aimed to develop and validate an observation-based coding approach (paediatric dental pain, anxiety, and fear coding approach [PAFCA]) to evaluate non-pharmacological behavior management techniques for anxiety, fear, and pain.

Design: Objective (video-based) and subjective (self-reported) anxiety, fear, and pain data were collected from a pilot clinical trial evaluating animal-assisted therapy (AAT) in paediatric dentistry, in which 37 children aged 7-14 were assigned to AAT or control before dental treatment (restorations or extractions).

A scoping review of the role of policy in mitigating childhood obesity in underserved populations using the RE-AIM framework.

Background: Childhood obesity is an escalating crisis in the United States. Health policy may impact this epidemic which disproportionally affects underserved populations.

Aim: The aim was to use the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) framework to assess health policy impact on preventing or treating school-aged children (5 > 18 years) with obesity in underserved populations.

Complementary feeding approach and maternal responsiveness in 8- and 12-month-old Italian infants: A longitudinal study.

In Western countries, infants are usually introduced to solids through spoon-fed puréed foods (parent-led weaning, PLW). However, an alternative approach known as "baby-led weaning" (BLW), in which infants usually participate in family meals and eat independently, is becoming increasingly popular. We investigated the relationship between the type of complementary feeding approach and maternal responsiveness to infant feeding cues in a longitudinal sample of 178 infants observed at 8 and 12 months.

Development of caring behaviour in undergraduate nursing students participating in a caring behaviour course.

Background: In today's complex healthcare organisations there is an increasing recognition of the need to enhance care quality and patient safety. Nurses' competence in demonstrating caring behaviour during patient encounters affects how patients experience and participate in their care. Nurse educators are faced with the challenge of balancing the demand for increasingly complex knowledge and skills with facilitating students' abilities essential to becoming compassionate and caring nurses.

Self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in pregnancy and breastfeeding experiences among women in Thailand: Study protocol.

Women with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at a higher risk of pregnancy complications. Although traditional beliefs and practices influence diabetes management and breastfeeding, recommendations integrating Thai cultural beliefs in maternal care are lacking. The purpose of this study is to describe diabetes self-management in pregnancy and breastfeeding experiences in women with preexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus from Thailand.

Predicting infant feeding intention and intensity in Oman using a path analysis approach.

Background: Low breastfeeding rates are a global concern, and few studies have examined breastfeeding in Oman.

Aims: We examined the associations of mothers' sociodemographic characteristics, breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived control, previous breastfeeding experience, and early breastfeeding support with infant feeding intention at birth and breastfeeding intensity at 8 weeks postpartum.

Methods: We used a descriptive, prospective cohort design.

Parental food selection questionnaire - Infant version.

Purpose: Complementary feeding practices (CFPs) are associated with health outcomes (e.g., obesity and food allergies).

CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION AND LINGUISTIC VALIDATION OF THE TRANSLATED ARABIC REVISED BREASTFEEDING ATTRITION PREDICTION TOOL.

The diversity of populations across the globe and the need to better compare research findings make it imperative to validate research instruments across cultures. The purpose is to systematically describe the translation and the cross-cultural validation of the Revised-Breastfeeding Attrition Prediction Tool from English to Arabic. The process of cross-cultural validation included (a) translation and linguistic validation: forward- and back-translations; (b) expert evaluation using content validity index (CVI); (c) cognitive interviews (CIs), and (d) pilot testing with postpartum mothers.

Gut-Brain Axis Perspective on Negative Symptoms and Their Neighbors in Early Adolescence: Can We Move Care Upstream?

The current study investigated symptom network patterns in adolescents from a gut-brain-axis (GBA) biopsychosocial perspective. Our secondary analysis of data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study assessed symptom relationships using network analysis to provide information about multivariate structural dependencies among 41 signs and symptoms. Cross-sectional EBICglasso symptom networks were evaluated to assess patterns associated with anhedonia and depressed mood.

Child and family factors associated with positive outcomes among youth born extremely preterm.

Background: To analyze the relationship of child behavioral and communication disorders, and adverse family events, to later-in-life child health and cognitive function among youth born extremely preterm.

Methods: The study participants were 694 children enrolled in the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn Study. At ages 2 and 10, we assessed internalizing and externalizing behaviors, and at age 10, we assessed adverse life events within the family.

Rethinking Responsive Feeding: Insights from Bangladesh.

Young children's growth is influenced by food and feeding behavior. Responsive feeding has been shown to promote healthy growth and development, to prevent under- and overfeeding, and to encourage children's self-regulation. However, most measures of responsive feeding do not incorporate bidirectional mother-infant responsivity or early learning principles and have not been validated against observations.

Caregivers' perception of the role of the socio-environment on their extremely preterm child's well-being.

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore primary caregivers' perception of how social-environmental characteristics, and their own role as primary caregivers, affected their extremely preterm adolescent's well-being.

Methods: Participants were 20 mothers who identified as the primary caregiver of an adolescent born extremely prematurely (<28 weeks gestation) enrolled in the ELGAN cohort study. Data was collected through individual interviews and was analyzed using inductive content analysis.

Undergraduate nursing students' experiences of practicing caring behaviours with standardised patients.

Rationale: Undergraduate nursing students' learning opportunities to practice caring behaviours to assure compassionate and competent nursing practice with standardised patients are few. Earlier studies primarily focused on practicing communication skills in relation to mental health or developing psychomotor skills while caring for a patient with a specific diagnosis.

Aim: The study aim was to describe undergraduate nursing students' experiences of practicing caring behaviours with a standardised patient.

Family members' experience of well-being as racial/ethnic minorities raising a child with a neurodevelopmental disorder: A qualitative meta-synthesis.

Raising a child with a neurodevelopmental disorder has often been associated with poorer quality of life and family functioning. Yet, many family members describe themselves as resilient and capable of achieving well-being. Whether and how this occurs in racial/ethnic minority families remains largely unexplored.

Childhood obesity within the lens of racism.

Despite decades of research and a multitude of prevention and treatment efforts, childhood obesity in the United States continues to affect nearly 1 in 5 (19.3%) children, with significantly higher rates among Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour communities. This narrative review presents social foundations of structural racism that exacerbate inequity and disparity in the context of childhood obesity.

Model Integration: Can Understanding Biopsychosocial Gut-Brain Axis Mechanistic Pathways Improve our Clinical Reasoning in Primary Care?

Introduction: Most NPs practice in primary care settings. Cognitive tools to inform and advance NP understanding of biopsychosocial mechanisms can support early recognition, interdisciplinary collaboration, interventions, and prevention of negative outcomes.

Theory And Methods: We describe the development of a model to support NP consideration of gut-brain axis (GBA) evidence-based pathways, contributing variables, and related health outcomes.

Feeding During Infancy: Interpersonal Behavior, Physiology, and Obesity Risk.

Infancy is a sensitive developmental period that presents both opportunities and challenges for caregivers to feed their infants in ways that support healthy growth and development. The capacity to eat in a way that supports energy (caloric) intake aligned with the body's physiologic need for growth and development appear to diminish in the years following infancy, but the reasons for this and whether this is developmentally typical are unclear. Feeding interactions that undermine infants' ability to regulate their intake in response to hunger and satiety are thought to confer risk for obesity in infancy and beyond.

Conversations About Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights-From a School Nurse Perspective.

Students have the right to receive education about sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). The United Nations Agenda 2030 for sustainable development includes goals regarding SRHR, including the right to universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services and gender equality. The study used a qualitative design with an inductive approach.

Caring Behavior Coding Scheme based on Swanson's Theory of Caring - development and testing among undergraduate nursing students.

Rationale: To maintain patients' dignity and well-being and alleviate suffering, it is essential that healthcare providers engage in caring behaviours. Yet, every year patient boards receive an increasing number of complaints from patients and significant others regarding healthcare providers' non-caring behaviours. Defining and measuring both verbal and nonverbal caring and non-caring behaviour in healthcare delivery is vital to address such complaints.

Psychological distress and quality of life in Iranian adolescents with overweight/obesity: mediating roles of weight bias internalization and insomnia.

Purpose: To examine whether weight-related self-stigma (aka weight bias internalization) and insomnia are potential predictors of psychological distress and quality of life (QoL) among Iranian adolescents with overweight (OW)/obesity (OB). To examine whether weight-related self-stigma and insomnia are potential mediators in the relationship between excess weight and health outcomes of distress and QoL.

Methods: All participants (n = 934; 444 males; mean age = 15.

Parental Self-Efficacy in New Mothers Predicts Infant Growth Trajectories.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether parental self-efficacy (PSE) is associated with change in infant weight-for-length score (WLZ) from age 3 to 12 months. Data were drawn from the Infant Care, Feeding, and Risk of Obesity study, conducted with low-income, African American mother-infant dyads ( = 127). PSE was measured at infant age of 3 months.

Implementing vaccine hesitancy screening for targeted education.

Background And Purpose: Little research has been performed investigating the effect of using a vaccine hesitancy (VH) screening tool to address specific vaccination concerns. The purpose of this study was to determine whether using a VH screening tool in conjunction with provider discussions addressing parental concerns affected the parental intent to vaccinate (ITV).

Methods: This study used a pretest/posttest design to measure and categorize VH and ITV.

Self-efficacy, infant feeding practices, and infant weight gain: An integrative review.

It has been suggested that self-efficacy specific to parenting or feeding may influence the decisions parents make regarding infant feeding; however, a review of this topic has not been conducted. The purpose of this integrative review is to synthesize the literature regarding the potential role of self-efficacy in infant feeding practices or infant weight gain. A total of 40 articles were used to guide this review, which were classified into three categories examining an association with self-efficacy (1) breastfeeding; (2) infant feeding practices such as parental feeding style and dietary quality; and (3) infant weight gain.

The Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool: Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties.

Objectives: The Pediatric Eating Assessment Tool (PediEAT) is a parent-report instrument developed to assess symptoms of feeding problems in children aged 6 months to 7 years. The purpose of this study was to identify the factor structure of the PediEAT and test its psychometric properties, including internal consistency reliability, temporal stability, and construct validity.

Methods: Participants included 567 parents of children aged 6 months to 7 years.