A survey of neuropsychological assessment feedback practices among neuropsychologists.

Objective: Feedback on neuropsychological assessment is a critical part of clinical practice, but there are few empirical papers on neuropsychological feedback practices. We sought to fill this gap in the literature by surveying practicing neuropsychologists in the United States. Questions addressed how they provide verbal and written feedback to patients and referral sources.

Validation of a deep learning, value-based care model to predict mortality and comorbidities from chest radiographs in COVID-19.

We validate a deep learning model predicting comorbidities from frontal chest radiographs (CXRs) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and compare the model's performance with hierarchical condition category (HCC) and mortality outcomes in COVID-19. The model was trained and tested on 14,121 ambulatory frontal CXRs from 2010 to 2019 at a single institution, modeling select comorbidities using the value-based Medicare Advantage HCC Risk Adjustment Model. Sex, age, HCC codes, and risk adjustment factor (RAF) score were used.

Transdisciplinary Preliminary Evaluation of Goal Maintenance in Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment.

Women treated for breast cancer often experience decreases in executive functioning, including goal maintenance, which interferes with daily living. The objective of this study was to conduct a preliminary comparison of cognitive neuroscience assessment performance with neuropsychological, self-report, and performance-based assessments of goal maintenance in women with breast cancer. Women treated for breast cancer in the preceding 3 years completed a battery of cognitive assessments.

Effects of stimulant medication on divergent and convergent thinking tasks related to creativity in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Rationale: Common pharmacological treatments for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are central nervous system stimulants acting as norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors. The noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems have been shown to impact performance on tasks assessing creativity. Some previous studies suggest higher performance on creativity tasks in ADHD.

Predicting Prolonged Hospitalization and Supplemental Oxygenation in Patients with COVID-19 Infection from Ambulatory Chest Radiographs using Deep Learning.

Rationale And Objectives: The clinical prognosis of outpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains difficult to predict, with outcomes including asymptomatic, hospitalization, intubation, and death. Here we determined the prognostic value of an outpatient chest radiograph, together with an ensemble of deep learning algorithms predicting comorbidities and airspace disease to identify patients at a higher risk of hospitalization from COVID-19 infection.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included outpatients with COVID-19 confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing who received an ambulatory chest radiography between March 17, 2020 and October 24, 2020.

Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum/Pneumothorax in Patients With COVID-19.

No spontaneous air leak case series have been described in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) patient population thus far. We described seven spontaneous air leak cases we found in our coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive 976-patient cohort. Five out of seven patients eventually required mechanical ventilation, and one of these patients died.

Recurrent circuit dynamics underlie persistent activity in the macaque frontoparietal network.

During delayed oculomotor response tasks, neurons in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) and the frontal eye fields (FEF) exhibit persistent activity that reflects the active maintenance of behaviorally relevant information. Despite many computational models of the mechanisms of persistent activity, there is a lack of circuit-level data from the primate to inform the theories. To fill this gap, we simultaneously recorded ensembles of neurons in both LIP and FEF while macaques performed a memory-guided saccade task.

Pulmonary Mucormycosis: Risk Factors, Radiologic Findings, and Pathologic Correlation.

Pulmonary mucormycosis (PM) is an uncommon fungal infection most often seen in immunocompromised patients. The fungus grows on decaying food, soil, and animal excrement. Patients usually become infected by inhalation of spores.

Community-Acquired Pneumonia Visualized on CT Scans but Not Chest Radiographs: Pathogens, Severity, and Clinical Outcomes.

Background: The clinical significance of pneumonia visualized on CT scan in the setting of a normal chest radiograph is uncertain.

Methods: In a multicenter prospective surveillance study of adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), we compared the presenting clinical features, pathogens present, and outcomes of patients with pneumonia visualized on a CT scan but not on a concurrent chest radiograph (CT-only pneumonia) and those with pneumonia visualized on a chest radiograph. All patients underwent chest radiography; the decision to obtain CT imaging was determined by the treating clinicians.

Improved Image Quality of Low-Dose CT Pulmonary Angiograms.

Objective: The use of CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) to evaluate for pulmonary embolism has been increasing, and carries a significant radiation dose. We evaluate image quality of lower-dose images, taking into account patient size as well as the effects of image postprocessing.

Methods: A total of 250 CTPAs were retrospectively reviewed.

Interval lung cancer after a negative CT screening examination: CT findings and outcomes in National Lung Screening Trial participants.

Objectives: This study retrospectively analyses the screening CT examinations and outcomes of the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) participants who had interval lung cancer diagnosed within 1 year after a negative CT screen and before the next annual screen.

Methods: The screening CTs of all 44 participants diagnosed with interval lung cancer (cases) were matched with negative CT screens of participants who did not develop lung cancer (controls). A majority consensus process was used to classify each CT screen as positive or negative according to the NLST criteria and to estimate the likelihood that any abnormalities detected retrospectively were due to lung cancer.

Community-Acquired Pneumonia Requiring Hospitalization among U.S. Adults.

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia is a leading infectious cause of hospitalization and death among U.S. adults.

Phase I/II Study of HSP90 Inhibitor AUY922 and Erlotinib for EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer With Acquired Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.

Purpose: AUY922 is an HSP90 inhibitor that causes degradation of HSP chaperones and their client proteins, including epidermal growth factor receptor. We conducted a phase I/II trial to evaluate AUY922 and erlotinib for patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancer and disease progression during erlotinib treatment.

Patients And Methods: All patients had developed acquired resistance after treatment with erlotinib and underwent repeat tumor biopsies before study entry to assess for EGFR T790M.

Effect of radiation dose and iterative reconstruction on lung lesion conspicuity at MDCT: does one size fit all?

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different acquisition parameters and reconstruction algorithms in lung lesions conspicuity in chest MDCT.

Methods: An anthropomorphic chest phantom containing 6 models of lung disease (ground glass opacity, bronchial polyp, solid nodule, ground glass nodule, emphysema and tree-in-bud) was scanned using 80, 100 and 120 kVp, with fixed mAs ranging from 10 to 110. The scans were reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms.

Proximal pulmonary arterial and intrapulmonary radiologic features of Eisenmenger syndrome and primary pulmonary hypertension.

Extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary radiologic features of Eisenmenger syndrome and primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) and the clinical expressions that coincide with the radiologic features of these 2 forms of pulmonary hypertension have not previously been characterized. Computed tomography (CT) and pulmonary CT angiography (CTA) utilized GE High Speed Advantage or Siemens Evolution electron beam tomographic (EBT) scanners in 31 patients with cyanotic pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) (group A: 12 men and 19 women; mean age 38 +/- 4 years) and in 13 women with PPH-acyanotic PVD (group B: mean age 30 +/- 3 years). Ten group A and 3 group B patients underwent imaging twice, yielding 57 studies.