Understanding Youth Athlete Motivation, Training, and Activity Progression During and After the COVID-19 Sports Interruption.

Background: COVID-19 restrictions created a period of disrupted sports participation for youth athletes. The physical conditioning, sports training habits, and patterns of sports activity resumption upon returning to normal sports activity are currently unknown.

Purpose/hypothesis: This study aimed to determine the extent to which youth athletes maintained their training levels during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and understand the strategies that enhanced motivation and adherence to a training regimen while in isolation.

Retrospective Cohort Study of Rates of Return Emergency Department Visits Among Patients Transported Home by Ambulance.

Background: Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is an important resource that interacts with our most vulnerable patients during transport home after hospital discharge. EMS providers may be appropriately situated to support the transition of care to the home environment.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether patients transported home by ambulance experience higher rates of return emergency department (ED) visits and readmission compared with similar patients transported home by other means.

Acute changes in sagittal plane kinematics while wearing a novel belt device during treadmill running.

Somatosensory feedback is used in walking retraining; however, its utility in running is less feasible due to the greater associated speeds. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of wearing a novel running belt device on sagittal plane running kinematics. Ten healthy runners ran on a treadmill with and without the use of a running belt device within a repeated measures study design.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Rehabilitation Clinical Practice Patterns: A Survey of the PRiSM Society.

Background: Recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) requires extensive postoperative rehabilitation. Although no ideal rehabilitation procedure exists, most experts recommend a fusion of time and strength and functional measures to guide decision making for activity progression during rehabilitation. This process is often directed by surgeon protocols; however, the adoption of contemporary rehabilitation recommendations among surgeons is unknown.

INTERRATER AND TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY OF THE Y BALANCE TEST IN HEALTHY, EARLY ADOLESCENT FEMALE ATHLETES.

Background: Adolescence is the stage of development marked by peak rates of skeletal growth resulting in impaired dynamic postural control and increased injury risk, especially in female athletes. Reliable tests of dynamic postural control are needed to help identify athletes with balance deficits and assess changes in limb function after injury.

Purpose: To estimate the interrater and test-retest (intrarater) reliability of the Y-Balance Test in a group of early adolescent females over a one-month period when administered by novice raters.

Rehabilitation Practice Patterns Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Survey of Physical Therapists.

Background: Recovery from anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) requires an intensive course of postoperative rehabilitation. Although guidelines outlining evidence-based rehabilitation recommendations have been published, actual practice patterns of physical therapists are unknown.

Objectives: To analyze the current landscape of clinical practice as it pertains to rehabilitation progression and the use of time and objective criteria in rehabilitation following ACLR.

Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) Joint Injury in an Athlete With Persistent Foot Pain.

The patient was a 20-year-old female ultimate frisbee player who felt a "pop" in her left foot with resultant pain and bruising along the plantar aspect of her midfoot. She was seen by an orthopaedic physician, who ordered standard radiographs that were found to be unremarkable. Although initial non-weight-bearing films were normal, these findings do not rule out tarsometatarsal joint injury.

Strength and functional performance recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in preadolescent athletes.

Background: In the skeletally immature population, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and ACL reconstructions appears to be increasing. Differences in surgical techniques, physiology, and emotional maturity may alter the rehabilitation progression and impact the outcomes when compared with adults. Reports of objective strength recovery and performance-based outcome measures after pediatric ACL reconstruction (ACLR) are limited.

The consequences of chronic pain.

Questions from patients about analgesic pharmacotherapy and responses from authors are presented to help educate patients and make them more effective self-advocates. The topic addressed in this issue is untreated/undertreated chronic pain and the physical, emotional, and social consequences that can profoundly affect a patient's quality of life. Chronic pain is no longer considered a symptom; it is a disease entity itself.

Ziconitide.

Questions from patients about analgesic pharmacotherapy and responses from authors are presented to help educate patients and make them more effective self-advocates. The topic addressed in this query is ziconotide, a novel approach to the management of severe and chronic pain prepared from snail venom, its uses and possible side effects.

Cardiac dysfunction after left permanent cerebral focal ischemia: the brain and heart connection.

Background And Purpose: Stroke can lead to cerebrogenic cardiac arrhythmias. We sought to investigate the effect of ischemic stroke on cardiac function in a mouse model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO).

Methods: Twenty-four hours after the induction of focal ischemia, cardiac function was measured in mice by endovascular catheterization of the heart.

Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene from Centella asiatica, is neuroprotective in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia.

Asiatic acid, a triterpenoid derivative from Centella asiatica, has shown biological effects such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and protection against glutamate- or beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. We investigated the neuroprotective effect of asiatic acid in a mouse model of permanent cerebral ischemia. Various doses of asiatic acid (30, 75, or 165 mg/kg) were administered orally at 1 hr pre- and 3, 10, and 20 hr postischemia, and infarct volume and behavioral deficits were evaluated at day 1 or 7 postischemia.

Differential neuroprotective effects of carnosine, anserine, and N-acetyl carnosine against permanent focal ischemia.

Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) has been shown to exhibit neuroprotection in rodent models of cerebral ischemia. In the present study, we further characterized the effects of carnosine treatment in a mouse model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia and compared them with its related peptides anserine and N-acetylated carnosine. We also evaluated the efficacy of bestatin, a carnosinase inhibitor, in ameliorating ischemic brain damage.