Metastatic Breast Cancer Presenting as Pulmonary Nodules and Right Axillary Lymph Node in a Male with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the English literature of simultaneous occult male metastatic breast cancer presenting as pulmonary nodules and right axillary lymph node metastasis in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patient and is the second case of simultaneous male breast cancer and CLL reported. The first case was reported by Dubashi et al. [Curr Oncol.

Discovery of velpatasvir (GS-5816): A potent pan-genotypic HCV NS5A inhibitor in the single-tablet regimens Vosevi and Epclusa.

Direct-acting antiviral inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients. Herein is described the discovery of velpatasvir (VEL, GS-5816), a potent pan-genotypic HCV NS5A inhibitor that is a component of the only approved pan-genotypic single-tablet regimens (STRs) for the cure of HCV infection. VEL combined with sofosbuvir (SOF) is Epclusa, an STR with 98% cure-rates for genotype 1-6 HCV infected patients.

Understanding the dehydration of levofloxacin hemihydrate.

Levofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that exists as a hemihydrate under ambient conditions. In addition to the hemihydrate, there are three known crystalline anhydrate forms, denoted as α, β, and γ. In this study, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy were used to investigate the transitions that occurred upon dehydration to the anhydrate as well as additional transitions that occurred to the anhydrous material upon heating/cooling.

Carbon-deuterium rotational-echo double-resonance NMR spectroscopy of lyophilized aspartame formulations.

In this study, changes in the local conformation of aspartame were observed in annealed lyophilized glasses by monitoring changes in the distance between two labeled sites using C-(2)H rotational-echo double-resonance (REDOR) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Confirmation that the REDOR experiments were producing accurate distance measurement was ensured by measuring the (13)C-(15)N distance in glycine. The experiment was further verified by measuring the REDOR dephasing curve on (13)C-(2)H methionine.

Photolysis of recombinant human insulin in the solid state: formation of a dithiohemiacetal product at the C-terminal disulfide bond.

Purpose: Exposure of protein pharmaceuticals to light can result in chemical and physical modifications, potentially leading to loss of potency, aggregation, and/or immunogenicity. To correlate these potential consequences with molecular changes, the nature of photoproducts and their mechanisms of formation must be characterized. The present study focuses on the photochemical degradation of insulin in the solid state.

Budesonide nanoparticle agglomerates as dry powder aerosols with rapid dissolution.

Nanoparticle technology represents an attractive approach for formulating poorly water-soluble pulmonary medicines. Unfortunately, nanoparticle suspensions used in nebulizers or metered dose inhalers often suffer from physical instability in the form of uncontrolled agglomeration or Ostwald ripening. In addition, processing such suspensions into dry powders can yield broad particle size distributions.

Nifedipine nanoparticle agglomeration as a dry powder aerosol formulation strategy.

Efficient administration of drugs represents a leading challenge in pulmonary medicine. Dry powder aerosols are of great interest compared to traditional aerosolized liquid formulations in that they may offer improved stability, ease of administration, and simple device design. Particles 1-5microm in size typically facilitate lung deposition.

Pure insulin nanoparticle agglomerates for pulmonary delivery.

Diabetes is a set of diseases characterized by defects in insulin utilization, either through autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells (Type I) or insulin resistance (Type II). Treatment options can include regular injections of insulin, which can be painful and inconvenient, often leading to low patient compliance. To overcome this problem, novel formulations of insulin are being investigated, such as inhaled aerosols.

Exploration of intestinal calcium precipitation as a barrier to absorption at high calcium doses.

Purpose: To investigate the hypothesis that intestinal bicarbonate secretions precipitate calcium as the carbonate salt, thereby resulting in poor absorption (20-40%) from calcium supplements.

Methods: The in vitro effect of calcium dose and bicarbonate secretion rate on soluble calcium was determined by neutralizing elemental Ca(2+)(250, 475, and 630 mg) in 0.1 N HCl to pH 7 with a bicarbonate secretion rate of 0.

Comparative evaluation of three JAK2V617F mutation detection methods.

The correlation of JAK2V617F with a proportion of chronic myeloproliferative disorders has generated numerous studies focused on the development of molecular-based assays for JAK2V617F detection. The current parallel study comparatively evaluated 3 JAK2V617F molecular detection methods. Genomic DNA from blood or bone marrow was assayed by 3 laboratories using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) or kit-based restriction fragment length polymorphism methods, which used polyacrylamide gel or capillary electrophoresis analysis.

Patterns of spectrin expression in B-cell lymphomas: loss of spectrin isoforms is associated with nodule-forming and germinal center-related lymphomas.

Spectrins are a family of cytoskeletal proteins that organize and link membranes to subcellular motors and filaments. Although traditionally divided into erythroid and non-erythroid forms, the discovery of new spectrin isoforms in various tissues indicates that their distribution is not yet fully characterized. To our knowledge, there is no comprehensive analysis of spectrins in lymphoid malignancies.

NanoCipro encapsulation in monodisperse large porous PLGA microparticles.

Pulmonary drug delivery of controlled release formulations may provide an effective adjunct approach to orally delivered antibiotics for clearing persistent lung infections. Dry powder formulations for this indication should possess characteristics including; effective deposition to infected lung compartments, persistence at the infection site, and steady release of antibiotic. Large porous particles ( approximately 10-15 microm) have demonstrated effective lung deposition and enhanced lung residence as a result of their large diameter and reduced clearance by macrophages in comparison to small microparticles ( approximately 1-5 microm).

3-Methylglutaric acid as a 13C solid-state NMR standard.

The calibration of a solid-state NMR spectrometer requires setting the magic angle, setting the reference and decoupler frequencies, ensuring that the magnetic field is homogeneous across the sample volume, optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio, determining the pi/2 pulse durations, and optimizing the Hartman-Hahn matching condition. Each task has one or more widely accepted standards, such as potassium bromide for setting the magic angle, adamantane for optimizing magnet homogeneity, and hexamethylbenzene or glycine for measuring the signal-to-noise ratio. We show that all of these tasks can be performed using 3-methylglutaric acid (MGA).