Acute Limb Ischemia in a 26-Year-Old Man Presenting with an Idiopathic Thrombosed Popliteal Artery Aneurysm.

Popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs) are the most common peripheral arterial aneurysms and develop almost exclusively (>90%) in men who have a history of tobacco abuse at an average age of 65 years. Most PAAs are caused by chronic inflammation secondary to atherosclerotic disease; other nondegenerative causes of PAAs include arterial trauma, infection, Behçet's disease, medial fibromuscular dysplasia, or popliteal artery entrapment. Few case reports have been published on idiopathic congenital PAAs.

Analysis of Thirty-Day Readmission after Infrainguinal Bypass.

Background: The Vascular Study Group of New England (VSGNE) conducted a pilot study evaluating the feasibility of 30-day data collection in patients undergoing infrainguinal bypass (INFRA) which was subsequently expanded to include a limited number of additional sites within the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI). The purpose of our study was to use these data to evaluate the incidence of 30-day readmission after infrainguinal bypass. A secondary goal of the study was to perform a critical appraisal of the data elements and definitions in the 30-day dataset.

Androgen Receptor Pathway-Independent Prostate Cancer Is Sustained through FGF Signaling.

Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a distinctive feature of prostate carcinoma (PC) and represents the major therapeutic target for treating metastatic prostate cancer (mPC). Though highly effective, AR antagonism can produce tumors that bypass a functional requirement for AR, often through neuroendocrine (NE) transdifferentiation. Through the molecular assessment of mPCs over two decades, we find a phenotypic shift has occurred in mPC with the emergence of an AR-null NE-null phenotype.

PPP2R2C loss promotes castration-resistance and is associated with increased prostate cancer-specific mortality.

Metastatic prostate cancers generally rely on androgen receptor (AR) signaling for growth and survival, even following systemic androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). However, recent evidence suggests that some advanced prostate cancers escape ADT by using signaling programs and growth factors that bypass canonical AR ligand-mediated mechanisms. We used an in vitro high-throughput RNA interference (RNAi) screen to identify pathways in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell lines whose loss-of-function promotes androgen ligand-independent growth.

The androgen/androgen receptor axis in prostate cancer.

Purpose Of Review: The review highlights recently discovered mechanisms that sustain castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) growth and describes advances in CRPC therapeutics.

Recent Findings: Recent reports have shed new light on the molecular processes underlying CRPC survival during androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). This study summarizes recent findings and comments on their clinical relevance.

Merkel cell polyomavirus is not detected in prostate cancers, surrounding stroma, or benign prostate controls.

Background: Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV or MCPyV) is a recently discovered human polyomavirus that is implicated in the pathogenesis of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Although the transmission route for MCV is not yet known, other polyomaviruses, such as BKV, cause non-malignant pathology in the urinary tract. Like MCC, prostate cancer predominantly affects the elderly.