Fatigue estimation using voice analysis.

In the present article, we present a means to remotely and transparently estimate an individual's level of fatigue by quantifying changes in his or her voice characteristics. Using Voice analysis to estimate fatigue is unique from established cognitive measures in a number of ways: (1) speaking is a natural activity requiring no initial training or learning curve, (2) voice recording is a unobtrusive operation allowing the speakers to go about their normal work activities, (3) using telecommunication infrastructure (radio, telephone, etc.) a diffuse set of remote populations can be monitored at a central location, and (4) often, previously recorded voice data are available for post hoc analysis.

Laparoscopic surface scanning and subsurface targeting: implications for image-guided laparoscopic liver surgery.

Segmental liver resection and locoregional ablative therapies are dependent upon accurate tumor localization to ensure safety as well as acceptable oncologic results. Because of the liver's limited external landmarks and complex internal anatomy, such tumor localization poses a technical challenge. Image guided therapies (IGT) address this problem by mapping the real-time, intraoperative position of surgical instruments onto preoperative tomographic imaging through a process called registration.