Manure nutrient cycling in US animal agriculture basins-North Carolina case study.

Nutrient cycling in crop-animal production is impacted by changes in both systems, with imbalance hotspots in concentrated animal production regions severely impacting water quality. This study assesses manure-crop nutrient balances in five river basins in North Carolina and demonstrates a new approach for partial nutrient balances along hydrological boundaries. County-level crop production data were combined with crop-type spatial distribution data to derive spatially referenced nutrient uptake and removal.

Beware the Unknown: Views on Genetic Technology in Conservation.

Artificial Gene Drive (GD) may offer a number of transformative impacts on society. Despite potential usage in the area of conservation, GD remains largely unfamiliar to the public and little is known about their views. In our study, participants from New Zealand were placed in groups based upon one of four worldviews.

A Case of Acute Pulmonary Embolus after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Immunization.

Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a critical strategy to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been developed in a rapid timeframe to combat the pandemic. While generally safe and effective, rare cases of venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been reported after two adenovirus-based vaccines, the AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and the Janssen Ad.

Conservation pest control with new technologies: public perceptions.

New genetic tools can potentially mitigate the decline of biodiversity. Democratisation of science mandates public opinion be considered while new technologies are in development. We conducted eleven focus groups in New Zealand to explore three questions about novel technologies (gene drive and two others for comparison of pest control tools): (1) what are the risks/benefits? (2) how do they compare to current methods? and (3) who should be represented on a panel that evaluates the tools and what factors should they consider? Findings from the content analysis of the risks/benefits revealed three main considerations that were of social concern - Environmental, Practical, and Ethical.

Characterization of Uniformity in Nb/NbSi/Nb Josephson Junctions.

The uniformity of the barriers in Josephson junctions (JJs) is a critical parameter in determining performance and operating margins for a wide variety of superconducting electronic circuits. We present an automated measurement system capable of measuring individual JJs across a 1 × 1 cm die at both ambient temperature and 4 K. This technique allows visualization of the spatial variation over a large area of the critical electrical properties of the junctions and allows for the direct correlation between room-temperature (RT) resistance and low temperature properties.

Magnetoelasticity of CoFe thin films.

We investigate the magnetoelastic properties of CoFe and CoFe thin films by measuring the mechanical properties of a doubly clamped string resonator covered with multilayer stacks containing these films. For the magnetostrictive constants, we find = (-20.68 ± 0.

High spin-wave propagation length consistent with low damping in a metallic ferromagnet.

We report ultralow intrinsic magnetic damping in CoFe heterostructures, reaching the low 10 regime at room temperature. By using a broadband ferromagnetic resonance technique in out-of-plane geometry, we extracted the dynamic magnetic properties of several CoFebased heterostructures with varying ferromagnetic layer thicknesses. By measuring radiative damping and spin pumping effects, we found the intrinsic damping of a 26 nm thick sample to be ≲ 3.

Non-detection of honeybee hive contamination following Vespula wasp baiting with protein containing fipronil.

Introduced wasps (Vespula germanica and V. vulgaris) are costly invertebrate pests in New Zealand, with large impacts on the local ecology and economy. Wasps eat honeybees (Apis mellifera), which has potentially devastating effects on hive health, as well as agricultural and horticultural industries.

The cost of addressing saline lake level decline and the potential for water conservation markets.

The world's saline lakes are shrinking and human water diversions are a significant contributor. While there is increased interest in protecting the ecosystem services provided by these lakes, the cost of protecting water levels has not been estimated. To explore this question we consider the case of Great Salt Lake (Utah, USA) where human diversions from three rivers have caused the lake level to decline during the last century.

Observation of spin-orbit effects with spin rotation symmetry.

The spin-orbit interaction enables interconversion between a charge current and a spin current. It is usually believed that in a nonmagnetic metal (NM) or at a NM/ferromagnetic metal (FM) bilayer interface, the symmetry of spin-orbit effects requires that the spin current, charge current, and spin orientation are all orthogonal to each other. Here we demonstrate the presence of spin-orbit effects near the NM/FM interface that exhibit a very different symmetry, hereafter referred to as spin-rotation symmetry, from the conventional spin Hall effect while the spin polarization is rotating about the magnetization.

Take-home naloxone treatment for opioid emergencies: a comparison of routes of administration and associated delivery systems.

Naloxone reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression outside of medical facilities has become more prevalent because of the escalating opioid epidemic in the USA. Take-home naloxone for treatment of opioid emergencies is now being recommended by numerous federal, state, and professional organizations. Areas covered: The scope of the opioid overdose epidemic is reviewed along with practical, clinical, regulatory, and usability considerations for take-home naloxone routes of administration currently available and associated delivery systems.

Application of human factors engineering (HFE) to the design of a naloxone auto-injector for the treatment of opioid emergencies.

The increased use of opioids for chronic treatment of pain and the resulting epidemic of opioid overdoses have created a major public health challenge. Parenteral naloxone has been used since the 1970's to treat opioid overdose. Recently, a novel naloxone auto-injector device (EVZIO, kaleo, Inc.

Patient Characteristics and Outcomes in Unintentional, Non-fatal Prescription Opioid Overdoses: A Systematic Review.

Background: Opioid overdose continues to be a significant and growing cause of preventable mortality and morbidity. Studies suggest that unintentional, non-fatal overdose from prescription opioid analgesics constitutes a large portion of total overdose events. The societal burden associated with these events is a frequently overlooked public health concern.

Economic impact of a novel naloxone autoinjector on third-party payers.

Background: Patient overdoses on prescription opioid analgesics in the United States continue to rise, resulting in increased emergency department and hospitalization costs. Opioid overdose is readily reversible with naloxone, a fast-acting opioid antagonist. A new naloxone autoinjector (NAI), Evzio, which does not require medical training to use, was approved by the FDA in April 2014.

Comparative Usability Study of a Novel Auto-Injector and an Intranasal System for Naloxone Delivery.

Introduction: The standard of care for reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression associated with opioid overdose is injectable naloxone. This study compared the usability of two naloxone delivery devices, a naloxone auto-injector (NAI) and a naloxone intranasal delivery system (NXN), in the administration of naloxone during a simulated opioid overdose emergency. NAI (EVZIO (®) ; kaleo, Inc.

Drug-device combination products in the twenty-first century: epinephrine auto-injector development using human factors engineering.

Introduction: The systematic application of human factors engineering (HFE) principles to the development of drug-device combination products, including epinephrine auto-injectors (EAIs), has the potential to improve the effectiveness and safety of drug administration.

Areas Covered: A PubMed search was performed to assess the role of HFE in the development of drug-device combination products. The following keywords were used in different combinations: 'human factors engineering,' 'human factors,' 'medical products,' 'epinephrine/adrenaline auto-injector,' 'healthcare' and 'patient safety.

Getting hip to vitamin D: a hospitalist project for improving the assessment and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in elderly patients with hip fracture.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common in elderly patients with hip fracture, and clinical practice guidelines recommend screening this population. Our hospitalist group cares for all patients admitted with hip fracture, yet lacked a standardized approach to screening for and treating vitamin D deficiency in this population.

Objectives: To standardize and improve the assessment and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in elderly patients with hip fracture.

Bioavailability of epinephrine from Auvi-Q compared with EpiPen.

Background: Epinephrine autoinjectors are underused for the treatment of anaphylaxis in community settings. Auvi-Q, a novel epinephrine autoinjector, was designed to be intuitive to use and reduce the potential for use-related errors.

Objective: To compare the bioavailability of 0.

Design validation and labeling comprehension study for a new epinephrine autoinjector.

Background: To facilitate the correct use of epinephrine autoinjectors (EAIs) by patients and caregivers, a novel EAI (Auvi-Q) was designed to help minimize use-related hazards.

Objective: To support validation of Auvi-Q final design and assess whether the instructions for use in the patient information leaflet (PIL) are effective in training participants on proper use of Auvi-Q.

Methods: Healthy participants, 20 adult and 20 pediatric, were assessed for their ability to complete a simulated injection by following the Auvi-Q instructions for use.

Estimating the economic burden of food-induced allergic reactions and anaphylaxis in the United States.

Background: Food allergy is reported to affect 4% to 6% of children and 1% to 2% of adults in the United States. Every year, allergic reactions result in visits to physicians, emergency departments, and hospitals. However, the economic burden of food-induced allergic reactions is unknown.

Voluntarily reported unintentional injections from epinephrine auto-injectors.

Background: Epinephrine auto-injectors provide life-saving prehospital treatment for individuals experiencing anaphylaxis in community settings.

Objective: To determine the number, demographics, and associated circumstances and outcomes of unintentional injections from epinephrine auto-injectors.

Methods: We searched the databases of the American Association of Poison Control Centers and the Food and Drug Administration's Safety Information and Adverse Event Report System for these incidents as reported by members of the public and by health care professionals.

Hazards of unintentional injection of epinephrine from autoinjectors: a systematic review.

Objectives: To ascertain the rate of occurrence of unintentional injections from epinephrine autoinjectors used in the first aid treatment of anaphylaxis and to provide information about the resulting needle stick injuries.

Data Sources: A systematic review was performed. The MEDLINE, Scirus, CINAHL, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched by title and abstract to identify reports of unintentional injections from epinephrine autoinjectors published in peer-reviewed journals.