Bleeding Gastric Heterotopic Polyp in the Duodenum of a Teenager with Severe Factor VII Deficiency.

Heterotopic gastric tissue can be found throughout the intestinal tract, and when it is present in the small intestine, it can present with symptoms that include gastrointestinal bleeding, chronic abdominal pain, diarrhea, and chronic dyspepsia. This finding is incredibly rare in pediatrics, but if present, it can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. This can be especially true if a patient presents with a comorbidity of a bleeding disorder.

Reversal of human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early enhancer/promoter silencing in quiescently infected cells via the cyclic AMP signaling pathway.

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major immediate-early (MIE) enhancer contains five functional cyclic AMP (cAMP) response elements (CRE). Because the CRE in their native context do not contribute appreciably to MIE enhancer/promoter activity in lytically infected human fibroblasts and NTera2 (NT2)-derived neurons, we postulated that they might have a role in MIE enhancer/promoter reactivation in quiescently infected cells. Here, we show that stimulation of the cAMP signaling pathway by treatment with forskolin (FSK), an adenylyl cyclase activator, greatly alleviates MIE enhancer/promoter silencing in quiescently infected NT2 neuronal precursors.