Spinal epidural abscess secondary to gram-negative bacteria: case report and literature review.

Bacterial spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare suppurative infection that commonly presents with nonspecific symptoms along with the infrequent triad of fever, back pain, and neurological deficits. Risk factors include diabetes mellitus, intravenous drug use, degenerative disc disease, infection with human immunodeficiency virus, and recent trauma or surgery. Patients with SEA often experience poor outcomes such as permanent neurological deficits, residual motor weakness, and even death.

Atypical femoral fracture in the setting of alendronate treatment for osteoporosis: a case report and literature review.

Osteoporosis leads to reduced bone mass and disrupted bone architecture. Bisphosphonates are used to treat osteoporosis by inhibiting bone resorption. Chronic bisphosphonate use has been associated with adverse effects including atypical femoral fractures (AFF).

Downregulation of 26S proteasome catalytic activity promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) endows carcinoma cells with phenotypic plasticity that can facilitate the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and contribute to the metastatic cascade. While there is substantial support for the role of EMT in driving cancer cell dissemination, less is known about the intracellular molecular mechanisms that govern formation of CSCs via EMT. Here we show that β2 and β5 proteasome subunit activity is downregulated during EMT in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells.