A new combination of a prebiotic and postbiotic mitigates immunosenescence in vaccinated healthy senior dogs.

Introduction: Elderly dogs often suffer from chronic diseases, in part attributed to immunosenescence, characterized by reduced blood CD4+ T cells (helper T cells) and elevation in the CD8+ T cells subset (cytotoxic T cells). Studies conducted in adult dogs suggested that supplementing short chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS) or postbiotics derived from yeasts may positively influence the immune response. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation with a combination of scFOS with a new yeast postbiotic (Profeed ADVANCED called scFOS+) could have a positive influence on the immune status of senior dogs subjected to an immune challenge (Lyme disease vaccination).

Enterotoxigenic heat labile enterotoxin affects neutrophil effector functions via cAMP/PKA/ERK signaling.

Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) are a major cause of diarrheal illness in humans and animals, induced by enterotoxins produced by these pathogens. Despite the crucial role of neutrophils in combatting bacterial infections, our understanding of how enterotoxins impact neutrophil function is limited. To address this knowledge gap, we used heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and heat-stable enterotoxin a (STa) to investigate their impact on the effector functions of neutrophils.

Lactoferrin impairs pathogen virulence through its proteolytic activity.

Antibiotics, often hailed as 'miracle drugs' in the 20th century, have revolutionised medicine by saving millions of lives in human and veterinary medicine, effectively combatting bacterial infections. However, the escalating global challenge of antimicrobial resistance and the appearance and spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens necessitates research into alternatives. One such alternative could be lactoferrin.

The lipopolysaccharide structure affects the detoxifying ability of intestinal alkaline phosphatases.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is one of the most potent mediators of inflammation. In swine husbandry, weaning is associated with LPS-induced intestinal inflammation, resulting in decreased growth rates due to malabsorption of nutrients by the inflamed gut. A potential strategy to treat LPS-mediated disease is administering intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP).

Exploring and retrieving sequence and metadata for species across the tree of life with NCBI Datasets.

To explore complex biological questions, it is often necessary to access various data types from public data repositories. As the volume and complexity of biological sequence data grow, public repositories face significant challenges in ensuring that the data is easily discoverable and usable by the biological research community. To address these challenges, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) has created NCBI Datasets.

Exploring the modulatory role of bovine lactoferrin on the microbiome and the immune response in healthy and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli challenged weaned piglets.

Background: Post-weaned piglets suffer from F18 Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections resulting in post-weaning diarrhoea or oedema disease. Frequently used management strategies, including colistin and zinc oxide, have contributed to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.

Integrated gut metabolome and microbiome fingerprinting reveals that dysbiosis precedes allergic inflammation in IgE-mediated pediatric cow's milk allergy.

Background: IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy (IgE-CMA) is one of the first allergies to arise in early childhood and may result from exposure to various milk allergens, of which β-lactoglobulin (BLG) and casein are the most important. Understanding the underlying mechanisms behind IgE-CMA is imperative for the discovery of novel biomarkers and the design of innovative treatment and prevention strategies.

Methods: We report a longitudinal in vivo murine model, in which two mice strains (BALB/c and C57Bl/6) were sensitized to BLG using either cholera toxin or an oil emulsion (n = 6 per group).

Impact of an oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic profiles and microbial ecology of weanling pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli.

Background: Our previous study has reported that supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhances gut health and disease resistance of pigs infected with enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) F18 in a manner similar to carbadox. The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of oligosaccharide-based polymer or antibiotic on the host metabolic profiles and colon microbiota of weaned pigs experimentally infected with ETEC F18.

A Virus-like Particle-Based F4 Enterotoxigenic Vaccine Is Inhibited by Maternally Derived Antibodies in Piglets but Generates Robust Responses in Sows.

F4-positive enterotoxigenic is associated with diarrhea and poor growth outcomes in neonatal and newly weaned piglets and is thus a major economic and welfare burden in the swine industry. Vaccination of sows with F4 fimbriae protects against the neonatal disease via passive transfer of maternal immunity. However, this strategy does not protect against infection post-weaning.

Comparative transcriptomics of porcine liver-resident CD8α, liver CD8α and circulating blood CD8α NK cells reveals an intermediate phenotype of liver CD8α NK cells.

Liver-resident NK (lrNK) cells have been studied in humans as well as in mice. Unfortunately, important differences have been observed between murine and human lrNK cells, complicating the extrapolation of data obtained in mice to man. We previously described two NK cell subsets in the porcine liver: A CD8α subset, with a phenotype much like conventional CD8α NK cells found in the peripheral blood, and a specific liver-resident CD8α subset which phenotypically strongly resembles human lrNK cells.

Targeted delivery of oral vaccine antigens to aminopeptidase N protects pigs against pathogenic challenge infection.

Oral subunit vaccines are an interesting alternative strategy to traditional live-attenuated or inactivated vaccines for conferring protection against gut pathogens. Despite being safer and more cost-effective, the development of oral subunit vaccines remains challenging due to barriers imposed by the gastrointestinal tract, such as digestive enzymes, a tolerogenic immune environment and the inability of larger proteins to cross the epithelial barrier. Recent advances have focused on overcoming these barriers by using potent mucosal adjuvants or pH-responsive delivery vehicles to protect antigens from degradation and promote their release in the intestinal lumen.

Virotyping and genetic antimicrobial susceptibility testing of porcine ETEC/STEC strains and associated plasmid types.

Introduction: Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) infections are the most common cause of secretory diarrhea in suckling and post-weaning piglets. For the latter, Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) also cause edema disease. This pathogen leads to significant economic losses.

QuilA® adjuvanted Coxevac® sustains Th1-CD8-type immunity and increases protection in Coxiella burnetii-challenged goats.

Coxevac® is the EMA-approved veterinary vaccine for the protection of cattle and goats against Q fever, a zoonotic bacterial disease due to Coxiella burnetii. Since Coxevac® reduces bacterial shedding and clinical symptoms but does not prevent infection, novel, ready-to-use vaccine formulations are needed to increase its immunogenicity. Here, a goat vaccination-challenge model was used to evaluate the impact of the commercially available saponin-based QuilA® adjuvant on Coxevac® immunity.

Randomized trial of bilateral gene therapy injection for m.11778G>A MT-ND4 Leber optic neuropathy.

Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is an important example of mitochondrial blindness with the m.11778G>A mutation in the MT-ND4 gene being the most common disease-causing mtDNA variant worldwide. The REFLECT phase 3 pivotal study is a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial investigating the efficacy and safety of bilateral intravitreal injection of lenadogene nolparvovec in patients with a confirmed m.

Lactoferrin Decreases Enterotoxigenic -Induced Fluid Secretion and Bacterial Adhesion in the Porcine Small Intestine.

Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) infections are one of the most prevalent causes of post-weaning diarrhea in piglets, resulting in morbidity, mortality and elevated use of antibiotics. The emergence and further spread of antimicrobial resistance together with the growing demand for high quality animal protein requires the identification of novel alternatives for antimicrobials. A promising alternative is lactoferrin, as we previously showed that it can both inhibit the growth and degrade bacterial virulence factors of porcine ETEC strains in vitro.

Identification of Five Serotypes of Enteropathogenic from Diarrheic Calves and Healthy Cattle in Belgium and Comparative Genomics with Shigatoxigenic .

Enteropathogenic (EPEC) produce attaching/effacing (AE) lesions and cause non-bloody diarrhea in mammals. A minority of bovine EPEC belong to one of the ten classical serotypes of human and bovine AE-STEC. The purpose of this study was to identify five non-classical O serotypes (O123/186, O156, O177, O182, and O183) among bovine EPEC and to characterize their virulence repertoires by whole genome sequencing.

Immortalised canine buccal epithelial cells' CXCL8 secretion is affected by allergen extracts, Toll-like receptor ligands, IL-17A and calcitriol.

Epithelial cells are known to produce mediators which can influence the behaviour of neighbouring immune cells. Although the oral mucosa has gained increased interest as a route to induce allergy desensitisation and mucosal pathogen immunisation in dogs, there is only limited knowledge on the factors which impact mediator secretion by canine oral epithelial cells. The study's objective was to enlarge the knowledge on the stimuli that can influence the secretion of some pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the chemokine CXCL8 by canine buccal epithelial cells.

Outcomes Associated with Nasal Reconstruction Post-Rhinectomy: A Narrative Review.

The face and the external nose define an individual's physical appearance. Nasal deformities can cause facial disfigurement along with unwanted psychological repercussions. Nasal deformities range in severity, with the most severe cases being indications for a rhinectomy, due to the complexity of the nasal defect.

Intestinal Epithelial Cells Modulate the Production of Enterotoxins by Porcine Enterotoxigenic Strains.

Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) strains are one of the most common etiological agents of diarrhea in both human and farm animals. In addition to encoding toxins that cause diarrhea, ETEC have evolved numerous strategies to interfere with host defenses. These strategies most likely depend on the sensing of host factors, such as molecules secreted by gut epithelial cells.

A joint NCBI and EMBL-EBI transcript set for clinical genomics and research.

Comprehensive genome annotation is essential to understand the impact of clinically relevant variants. However, the absence of a standard for clinical reporting and browser display complicates the process of consistent interpretation and reporting. To address these challenges, Ensembl/GENCODE and RefSeq launched a joint initiative, the Matched Annotation from NCBI and EMBL-EBI (MANE) collaboration, to converge on human gene and transcript annotation and to jointly define a high-value set of transcripts and corresponding proteins.

Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches.

The liver is the largest solid organ in the body, yet it remains incompletely characterized. Here we present a spatial proteogenomic atlas of the healthy and obese human and murine liver combining single-cell CITE-seq, single-nuclei sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and spatial proteomics. By integrating these multi-omic datasets, we provide validated strategies to reliably discriminate and localize all hepatic cells, including a population of lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs) at the bile ducts.

Supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhanced growth and disease resistance of weaned pigs by modulating intestinal integrity and systemic immunity.

Background: There is a great demand for antibiotic alternatives to maintain animal health and productivity. The objective of this experiment was to determine the efficacy of dietary supplementation of a blood group A6 type 1 antigen oligosaccharides-based polymer (Coligo) on growth performance, diarrhea severity, intestinal health, and systemic immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), when compared with antibiotics.

Results: Pigs in antibiotic carbadox or Coligo treatment groups had greater (P < 0.

Mucosal Vaccination Against Periodontal Disease: Current Status and Opportunities.

Approximately 9 out of 10 adults have some form of periodontal disease, an infection-induced inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues. The initial form, gingivitis, often remains asymptomatic, but this can evolve into periodontitis, which is typically associated with halitosis, oral pain or discomfort, and tooth loss. Furthermore, periodontitis may contribute to systemic disorders like cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.