Coral larvae increase nitrogen assimilation to stabilize algal symbiosis and combat bleaching under increased temperature.

Rising sea surface temperatures are increasingly causing breakdown in the nutritional relationship between corals and algal endosymbionts (Symbiodiniaceae), threatening the basis of coral reef ecosystems and highlighting the critical role of coral reproduction in reef maintenance. The effects of thermal stress on metabolic exchange (i.e.

Linking genotypic and phenotypic changes in the long-term evolution experiment using metabolomics.

Changes in an organism's environment, genome, or gene expression patterns can lead to changes in its metabolism. The metabolic phenotype can be under selection and contributes to adaptation. However, the networked and convoluted nature of an organism's metabolism makes relating mutations, metabolic changes, and effects on fitness challenging.

Linking genotypic and phenotypic changes in the Long-Term Evolution Experiment using metabolomics.

Changes in an organism's environment, genome, or gene expression patterns can lead to changes in its metabolism. The metabolic phenotype can be under selection and contributes to adaptation. However, the networked and convoluted nature of an organism's metabolism makes relating mutations, metabolic changes, and effects on fitness challenging.

A Therapeutically Targetable NOTCH1-SIRT1-KAT7 Axis in T-cell Leukemia.

Unlabelled: T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a NOTCH1-driven disease in need of novel therapies. Here, we identify a NOTCH1-SIRT1-KAT7 link as a therapeutic vulnerability in T-ALL, in which the histone deacetylase SIRT1 is overexpressed downstream of a NOTCH1-bound enhancer. SIRT1 loss impaired leukemia generation, whereas SIRT1 overexpression accelerated leukemia and conferred resistance to NOTCH1 inhibition in a deacetylase-dependent manner.

Development of a portable toolkit to diagnose coral thermal stress.

Coral bleaching, precipitated by the expulsion of the algal symbionts that provide colonies with fixed carbon is a global threat to reef survival. To protect corals from anthropogenic stress, portable tools are needed to detect and diagnose stress syndromes and assess population health prior to extensive bleaching. Here, medical grade Urinalysis strips, used to detect an array of disease markers in humans, were tested on the lab stressed Hawaiian coral species, Montipora capitata (stress resistant) and Pocillopora acuta (stress sensitive), as well as samples from nature that also included Porites compressa.

Glycerate from intestinal fructose metabolism induces islet cell damage and glucose intolerance.

Dietary fructose, especially in the context of a high-fat western diet, has been linked to type 2 diabetes. Although the effect of fructose on liver metabolism has been extensively studied, a significant portion of the fructose is first metabolized in the small intestine. Here, we report that dietary fat enhances intestinal fructose metabolism, which releases glycerate into the blood.

NAD flux is maintained in aged mice despite lower tissue concentrations.

NAD is an essential coenzyme for all living cells. NAD concentrations decline with age, but whether this reflects impaired production or accelerated consumption remains unclear. We employed isotope tracing and mass spectrometry to probe age-related changes in NAD metabolism across tissues.

The nuclear receptor HNF4 drives a brush border gene program conserved across murine intestine, kidney, and embryonic yolk sac.

The brush border is comprised of microvilli surface protrusions on the apical surface of epithelia. This specialized structure greatly increases absorptive surface area and plays crucial roles in human health. However, transcriptional regulatory networks controlling brush border genes are not fully understood.

In-Source CID Ramping and Covariant Ion Analysis of Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Metabolomics.

A large proportion of the complexity and redundancy of LC-MS metabolomics data comes from adduct formation. To reduce such redundancy, many tools have been developed to recognize and annotate adduct ions. These tools rely on predefined adduct lists that are generated empirically from reversed-phase LC-MS studies.

Glycerol induces in primary mouse hepatocytes and is the preferred substrate for gluconeogenesis both and .

Gluconeogenesis (GNG) is production of glucose from endogenous carbon sources. Although it is a commonly studied pathway, particularly in disease, there is a lack of consensus about substrate preference. Moreover, primary hepatocytes are the current gold standard for liver studies, but no direct comparison of substrate preference at physiological fasting concentrations has been performed.

Fast LC-MS quantitation of glucose and glycerol via enzymatic derivatization.

Glucose and glycerol are important circulating metabolites. Due to poor ionization and/or ion suppression, the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection of glucose and glycerol presents challenges. Here, we propose an efficient LC-MS method of quantitative glucose and glycerol detection via enzymatic derivatization to glucose-6-phosphate and sn-glycerol-3-phosphate, respectively.