Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling Reveals Nonlinear Airway Stress during Trachea Development.

Normative trachea dimensions and aerodynamic information during development was collected to establish clinical benchmarks and showed that airway development seems to outpace respiratory demands. Infants and toddlers' trachea exhibit higher aerodynamic stress that significantly decreases by teenage years. This implies large airway pathology in younger children may have a more substantial clinical impact.

The Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics in the Evaluation of Laryngotracheal Pathology.

Objectives: Laryngotracheal stenosis and obstruction can be challenging to manage. Traditional assessment tools are limited in clinical correlation. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is a novel technique used to analyze airflow dynamics.

Endoscopic Endonasal Landmarks to the Greater Palatine Canal: A Radiographic Study.

 The palatine neurovascular bundle is at risk during endoscopic surgery. Injury may result in significant blood loss and anesthesia of the ipsilateral hard palate. Nonetheless, its endoscopic anatomy has not been described previously.

Radiographic Analysis of the Vidian Canal and Its Utility in Petrous Internal Carotid Artery Localization.

Background: Endoscopic endonasal surgery of the skull base requires expert knowledge of the anatomy and a systematic approach. The vidian canal is regarded as a reliable landmark to localize the petrous internal carotid artery (pICA) near the second genu, which can be used for orientation in deep skull base approaches. There is controversy about the relationship between the vidian canal and the pICA.