Comparison of Multiparametric MRI-targeted and Systematic Biopsies for Detection of Cribriform and Intraductal Carcinoma Prostate Cancer.

Background Intraductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive cribriform (Cr) subtypes of prostate cancer (PCa) are an indication of aggressiveness, but the evidence regarding whether MRI can be used to detect Cr/IDC-pattern PCa is contradictory. Purpose To compare the detection of Cr/IDC-pattern PCa at multiparametric MRI (mpMRI)-targeted biopsy versus systematic biopsy in biopsy-naive men at risk for PCa. Materials and Methods This study was a secondary analysis of a prospective randomized controlled trial that recruited participants with a clinical suspicion of PCa between April 2017 and November 2019 at five centers.

Quantifying the Impact of Cancer on the Viscoelastic Properties of the Prostate Gland using a Quasi-Linear Viscoelastic Model.

Pathological disorders can alter the mechanical properties of biological tissues, and studying such changes can help to better understand the disease progression. The prostate gland is no exception, as previous studies have shown that cancer can affect its mechanical properties. However, most of these studies have focused on the elastic properties of the tissue and have overlooked the impact of cancer on its viscous response.

Stimulated Raman histology as a method to determine the adequacy of renal mass biopsy and identify malignant subtypes of renal cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Renal tumor biopsy requires adequate tissue sampling to aid in the investigation of small renal masses. In some centers the contemporary nondiagnostic renal mass biopsy rate may be as high as 22% and may be as high as 42% in challenging cases. Stimulated Raman Histology (SRH) is a novel microscopic technique which has created the possibility for rapid, label-free, high-resolution images of unprocessed tissue which may be viewed on standard radiology viewing platforms.

The "Ins and Outs" of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) as Specific Target in Prostate Cancer Therapy.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed in epithelial cells of the prostate gland and is strongly upregulated in prostatic adenocarcinoma, with elevated expression correlating with metastasis, progression, and androgen independence. Because of its specificity, PSMA is a major target of prostate cancer therapy; however, detectable levels of PSMA are also found in other tissues, especially in salivary glands and kidney, generating bystander damage of these tissues. Antibody target therapy has been used with relative success in reducing tumor growth and prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels.

Detection and resection of carcinoma in situ of the bladder: Implications for clinical trial design.

Introduction: The path to approval of novel therapeutics for patients with BCG-unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) requires demonstration of efficacy in eradicating carcinoma in situ (CIS), as determined by cytology, white light cystoscopy and only sometimes mandatory re-biopsy. This paradigm is based on the premise that CIS, in contrast to papillary tumors, cannot be completely resected. We aimed to determine the accuracy of CIS by standard means and the rate at which CIS may be eradicated by transurethral bladder tumor resection (TURBT).

Is the Unequal COVID-19 Burden in Canada Due to Unequal Levels of Citizen Discipline across Provinces?

The unequal burden of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis (e.g., in terms of infection and death rates) across Canadian provinces is important and puzzling.

The BC Generations Project as a Tumor Tissue Resource for Cancer Research.

Population-based cohort studies can be a resource for tumor specimens, annotated with demographic, lifestyle, and health history data, that support innovative studies of cancer. Our aim was to establish and test a process for accessing tumor samples, held at pathology laboratories around British Columbia (BC), for participants of the BC Generations Project (BCGP). Through the BC Cancer Registry, we identified pathology reports for 1100 (93%) of the 1180 incident solid cancer cases diagnosed in BCGP as of 2019.

Citizens' Willingness to Support New Taxes for COVID-19 Measures and the Role of Trust.

Unlabelled: The COVID-19 public health pandemic has seen governments spend trillions of dollars to limit the spread of the COVID-19 virus as well as to soften the economic blow from the shutting down of national economies. Subsequent budget shortfalls raise the question of how governments will pay for the direct and indirect costs associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we study the public's willingness to contribute through paying a new tax, with a focus on Canada.

A guilt-free strategy increases self-reported non-compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures: Experimental evidence from 12 countries.

Studies of citizens' compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures routinely rely on survey data. While such data are essential, public health restrictions provide clear signals of what is socially desirable in this context, creating a potential source of response bias in self-reported measures of compliance. In this research, we examine whether the results of a guilt-free strategy recently proposed to lessen this constraint are generalizable across twelve countries, and whether the treatment effect varies across subgroups.

Unexpected diagnosis of metastatic breast carcinoma in an endomyocardial biopsy done for cardiac allograft rejection evaluation.

We report a case of a 75-year-old female post orthotopic heart transplantation, who presented to the emergency department with a six-week history of shortness of breath, hand tremor and ultimately delirium. She had lobular breast carcinoma more than 5 years prior to her heart transplant, treated by lumpectomy followed by anthracycline based chemotherapy. The reason for her heart transplant was heart failure that was suspected to be from anthracycline cardiomyopathy, however, her explanted heart actually showed cardiac sarcoidosis.

Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian Cardiac Transplant Network Position Statement on Heart Transplantation: Patient Eligibility, Selection, and Post-Transplantation Care.

Significant practice-changing developments have occurred in the care of heart transplantation candidates and recipients over the past decade. This Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian Cardiac Transplant Network Position Statement provides evidence-based, expert panel recommendations with values and preferences, and practical tips on: (1) patient selection criteria; (2) selected patient populations; and (3) post transplantation surveillance. The recommendations were developed through systematic review of the literature and using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system.

Chemical Stability of Reconstituted Sincalide in Sterile Water Under 2 Different Storage Conditions.

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical stability of sincalide at 2 common storage conditions-room temperature and refrigeration-in an attempt to simulate the conditions faced during centralized reconstitution and subsequent distribution to regional clinical facilities. Sincalide is a peptide hormone product administered parenterally as an aid for diagnostic imaging of hepatobiliary conditions. With an estimated postreconstitution shelf-life of 8 h (updated by the manufacturer in 2014 with limited supporting data) and frequent shortages due to an intermittent supply, there is both clinical and economic value in the experimental determination of the true chemical stability of this agent.

Evaluation of individual and cumulative sites of extrarenal tumor invasion in pT3a clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Introduction: The Tumor-Node-Metastasis classification of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) for pT3a tumors includes sinus fat invasion (SFI), perinephric fat invasion (PFI), renal vein invasion (RVI), and/or pelvicaliceal system invasion (PSI). The purpose of this study was to determine the association between these patterns of invasion (assessed individually and cumulatively) with the development of metastases and cancer-specific mortality (CSM).

Materials And Methods: We identified 160 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for pT3a clear cell RCC between 2011 and 2017.

Characteristics and outcomes in a prospective cohort of patients with histologically diagnosed aortitis.

Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate characteristics and prospective adverse aortic outcomes in a cohort of patients with non-infectious histological aortitis.

Methods: Patients with histological aortitis, diagnosed at the Ottawa Hospital after surgical repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms or dissections, consented to enrolment in a prospective observational cohort. Patients were assessed for an underlying inflammatory condition and followed prospectively with periodic clinical, laboratory and radiographic assessments.

Lysosomal storage disorders affecting the heart: a review.

Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) comprise a group of diseases caused by a deficiency of lysosomal enzymes, membrane transporters or other proteins involved in lysosomal biology. Lysosomal storage disorders result from an accumulation of specific substrates, due to the inability to break them down. The diseases are classified according to the type of material that is accumulated; for example, lipid storage disorders, mucopolysaccharidoses and glycoproteinoses.

Diffuse Subepicardial Late Gadolinium Enhancement After Heart Transplant: A Potentially Ominous Finding.

Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has prognostic utility in populations with cardiac disease, including heart transplant (HT) recipients. The etiology of specific LGE patterns and their correlation with outcomes after HT are unclear. Antibody-mediated rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy are major causes of death, and their evaluation remains challenging.

Transforming the prostatic tumor microenvironment with oncolytic virotherapy.

Prostate cancer (PCa) was estimated to have the second highest global incidence rate for male non-skin tumors and is the fifth most deadly in men thus mandating the need for novel treatment options. MG1-Maraba is a potent and versatile oncolytic virus capable of lethally infecting a variety of prostatic tumor cell lines alongside primary PCa biopsies and exerts direct oncolytic effects against large TRAMP-C2 tumors . An oncolytic immunotherapeutic strategy utilizing a priming vaccine and intravenously administered MG1-Maraba both expressing the human six-transmembrane antigen of the prostate (STEAP) protein generated specific CD8+ T-cell responses against multiple STEAP epitopes and resulted in functional breach of tolerance.

Acute Management of Infected Chronic Thromboembolic Disease.

A 29-year-old man with chronic pulmonary emboli presented to the hospital with progressive pleuritic chest pain. He was in acute right ventricular failure and received intrapulmonary arterial tissue plasminogen activator. Massive hemoptysis developed, requiring emergent thromboendarterectomy.

Teens, Drugs, & Vegas: Toxicological surveillance of illicit prescription and illegal drug abuse in adolescents (12-17 years) using post-mortem data in Clark County, Nevada from 2005 to 2015.

Illegal drug abuse, particularly prescription drug abuse is a growing problem in the United States. Research on adolescent drug abuse is based on national self-reported data. Using local coroner data, quantitative prevalence of illegal substance toxicology and trends can be assessed to aid directed outreach and community-based prevention initiatives.

Abdominal visceral perforation by buried peritoneal dialysis catheters: Cause or coincidence?

Delayed visceral organ perforations after PD catheter insertions are extremely rare. We report two patients who presented with asymptomatic visceral perforation from their buried PD catheters. Five months after a laparoscopic buried PD catheter insertion in a 92-year-old man PD was initiated; bile and bowel contents were noted in the PD effluent.

Evaluation of tumor morphologies and association with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in grade group 5 prostate cancer.

We assessed Gleason pattern 5 (GP5) and other prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa) morphologies to determine their association with biochemical recurrence (BCR). A search for grade group 5 PCa with radical prostatectomy (RP) yielded 49 patients. RPs were reviewed for %GP5 and morphologies (sheets, single cells, cords, small solid cylinders, solid medium to large nests with rosette-like spaces [SMLNRS], comedonecrosis, cribriform glands, glomerulations, intraductal carcinoma of the prostate [IDC-P], and prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma [PDCa]).

Primary amyloidosis of the bladder; a mimicker of bladder cancer.

Amyloidosis is a protein folding disorder characterized by the deposition of fibrillar proteins into solid organs or tissues. Primary localized amyloidosis of the bladder is very rare and can mimic bladder cancer in its presentation with hematuria, lower urinary tract symptoms or a mass on imaging. A case of localized amyloidosis of the bladder in a 48-year-old man with painless gross hematuria and evidence of bladder mass on ultrasound is presented.

A case series of surgically diagnosed idiopathic aortitis in a Canadian centre: a retrospective study.

Background: Idiopathic aortitis became recognized relatively recently, and the body of knowledge concerning this condition is scarce. We aimed to determine the frequency of idiopathic aortitis in aortic specimens, the clinical, laboratory and radiologic characteristics at diagnosis and during follow-up, and the approach to investigation, treatment and monitoring taken by the treating physicians.

Methods: We identified cases of aortitis diagnosed on pathological specimens of the aorta between Jan.

Perineural invasion on biopsy is associated with upstaging at radical prostatectomy in Gleason score 3 + 4 = 7 prostate cancer.

This study assesses if perineural invasion (PNI) detected on biopsy with Gleason score (GS) 3 + 4 = 7 prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with upstaging/upgrading of disease after radical prostatectomy (RP). 154 patients with GS 3 + 4 = 7 PCa diagnosed from biopsy who underwent RP were assessed for PNI. The percentage of biopsy sites with PNI (%PNI) was also calculated.