Bardoxolone methyl and kidney function in CKD with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with type 2 diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, with both inflammation and oxidative stress contributing to disease progression. Bardoxolone methyl, an oral antioxidant inflammation modulator, has shown efficacy in patients with CKD and type 2 diabetes in short-term studies, but longer-term effects and dose response have not been determined.

Methods: In this phase 2, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we assigned 227 adults with CKD (defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate [GFR] of 20 to 45 ml per minute per 1.

Utilization, outcomes, and retransplantation of liver allografts from donation after cardiac death: implications for further expansion of the deceased-donor pool.

Objective: Utilization, outcomes, and retransplantation (ReTx) of liver allografts obtained by donation after cardiac death (DCD) are examined to identify mechanisms to optimize donation.

Summary And Background Data: DCD for liver transplantation (LTX) has immediate potential to expand the donor pool but application is limited.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) from January 2002 to April 2007 identified 855 DCD and 21,089 donation after brain death (DBD) adult, initial, whole-organ, liver-only LTX.

The pharmacokinetics and hemodynamics of sildenafil citrate in male hemodialysis patients.

Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is highly prevalent in men with renal disease. The clearance of sildenafil citrate, a highly effective oral treatment for ED, is decreased in men with severe renal insufficiency, but the pharmacokinetic and hemodynamic profiles during maintenance hemodialysis in men with end-stage renal disease have not been studied.

Methods: Fifteen men undergoing chronic outpatient maintenance hemodialysis received a single 50-mg oral dose of sildenafil on 2 occasions, once 2 hours before, and once 2 hours after hemodialysis, with randomized assignment to sequence.

Efficacy and tolerability of doxazosin and finasteride, alone or in combination, in treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: the Prospective European Doxazosin and Combination Therapy (PREDICT) trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the selective alpha(1)-adrenergic antagonist doxazosin and the 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride, alone and in combination, for the symptomatic treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Methods: In a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 1095 men aged 50 to 80 years were randomized to treatment for 52 weeks with doxazosin, finasteride, the combination of doxazosin and finasteride, or placebo. The dose of finasteride (or its matched placebo) was 5 mg/day.