Optical force model based on sequential ray tracing.

We discuss how information available from ray-tracing techniques can be used to calculate optical forces and torques on particles. A general ray-trace computer code is augmented with the polarization and irradiance distributions of the illumination and Fresnel surface coefficients to give a reasonably accurate prediction of interaction with large particles out of the focal plane. Calculations of trapping location versus nonuniform illumination conditions are compared with an experiment.

Geometrical analysis of third-order aberrations for a solid immersion lens.

This paper gives a treatment for finding 3rd order aberrations in solid-immersion lenses (SIL) using spherical-aberration as the basis for a polynomial power expansion of the wavefront. Unlike previous work, the treatment is general for any incident and lens media, for any lens thickness, and any chief-ray specification. Using this treatment, a tolerance analysis is given with particular discussion on thickness tolerance and limitations on field of view.