Direct magnetic imaging of fractional Chern insulators in twisted MoTe.

Orbital magnetization provides a sensitive probe of topology and interactions, with particularly rich phenomenology in Chern insulators in which the topological edge states carry large equilibrium currents. Here we use a nanoscale superconducting sensor to map the magnetic fringe fields in twisted bilayers of MoTe, in which transport and optical sensing experiments have revealed the formation of fractional Chern insulator (FCI) states at zero magnetic field. We observe oscillations in the local magnetic field associated with fillings ν = -1, -2/3, -3/5, -4/7 and -5/9 of the first moiré hole band, consistent with the formation of FCIs at these fillings.

Trion sensing of a zero-field composite Fermi liquid.

The half-filled lowest Landau level is a fascinating platform for researching interacting topological phases. A celebrated example is the composite Fermi liquid, a non-Fermi liquid formed by composite fermions in strong magnetic fields. Its zero-field counterpart is predicted in a twisted MoTe bilayer (tMoTe)-a recently discovered fractional Chern insulator exhibiting the fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect.

HuD impairs neuromuscular junctions and induces apoptosis in human iPSC and Drosophila ALS models.

Defects at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) are among the earliest hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). According to the "dying-back" hypothesis, NMJ disruption not only precedes but also triggers the subsequent degeneration of motoneurons in both sporadic (sALS) and familial (fALS) ALS. Using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), we show that the RNA-binding protein HuD (ELAVL4) contributes to NMJ defects and apoptosis in FUS-ALS.

Improving motorcyclist safety through hearing in all directions: survey results concerning a novel protective helmet with earpieces.

Background: Every year over 200,000 motorcyclists are killed globally. One poorly understood risk factor for motorcycle crashes is the role of motorcyclists' ability to hear traffic and other sounds around them in all directions. Most motorcycle helmets protect the head and permit vision in the forward direction, but they impair the wearer's ability to hear.

Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) reduces Morphine Milligram Equivalents (MME) in patients using Opioid analgesics for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain.

Summary Of Background Data: Chronic Pain is a prevalent condition that affects many people in the United States. Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) has been documented to help reduce perceived pain; however, few studies have analyzed the impact of perceived pain on opioid consumption before and after SCS.

Objectives: This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the impact of spinal cord stimulation on opioid consumption after permanent SCS implant.

Twelve-month results from a randomized controlled trial comparing differential target multiplexed spinal cord stimulation and conventional spinal cord stimulation in subjects with chronic refractory axial low back pain not eligible for spine surgery.

Background: Successful treatments for intractable chronic low back pain (CLBP) in patients who are not eligible for surgical interventions are scarce. The superior efficacy of differential target multiplexed spinal cord stimulation (DTM SCS) to conventional SCS (Conv-SCS) on the treatment of CLBP in patients with persistent spinal pain syndrome (PSPS) who have failed surgical interventions (PSPS-T2) motivated the evaluation of DTM SCS versus Conv-SCS on PSPS patients who are non-surgical candidates (PSPS-T1).

Methods: This is a prospective, open label, crossover, post-market randomized controlled trial in 20 centers across the United States.

Effect of rabbit ATG PK on outcomes after TCR-αβ/CD19-depleted pediatric haploidentical HCT for hematologic malignancy.

We hypothesized that the inferior disease-free survival (DFS) seen in older patients who underwent αβ-T-cell/CD19-depleted (AB-TCD) haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for hematologic malignancies is caused by excessive exposure to rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG; Thymoglobulin). Between 2015 and 2023, 163 patients with a median age of 13 years (range, 0.4-27.

Invasion on So Grand a Scale: Darwin, Lyell, and Invasive Species.

The importance of naturalization-the establishment of species introduced into foreign places-to the early development of Darwin's theory of evolution deserves historical attention. Introduced and invasive European species presented Darwin with interpretive challenges during his service as naturalist on the HMS Beagle. Species naturalization and invasive species strained the geologist Charles Lyell's creationist view of the organic world, a view which Darwin adopted during the voyage of the Beagle but came to question afterward.

Genetic parentage reveals the (un)natural history of Central Valley hatchery steelhead.

Populations composed of individuals descended from multiple distinct genetic lineages often feature significant differences in phenotypic frequencies. We considered hatchery production of steelhead, the migratory anadromous form of the salmonid species and investigated how differences among genetic lineages and environmental variation impacted life history traits. We genotyped 23,670 steelhead returning to the four California Central Valley hatcheries over 9 years from 2011 to 2019, confidently assigning parentage to 13,576 individuals to determine age and date of spawning and rates of iteroparity and repeat spawning within each year.

HuD (ELAVL4) gain-of-function impairs neuromuscular junctions and induces apoptosis in in vitro and in vivo models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Early defects at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) are among the first hallmarks of the progressive neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). According to the "dying back" hypothesis, disruption of the NMJ not only precedes, but is also a trigger for the subsequent degeneration of the motoneuron in both sporadic and familial ALS, including ALS caused by the severe pathogenic variant P525L. However, the mechanisms linking genetic and environmental factors to NMJ defects remain elusive.

Valproate, risperidone, and paliperidone: A case of valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy.

Hyperammonemia is a well-known adverse effect of valproate that can progress to a potentially fatal condition known as valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy (VHE). VHE is more common when valproate is used in combination therapy with other antiepileptic medications. A growing number of case reports have pointed to a possible interaction with the antipsychotic risperidone leading to an increased risk of VHE.

gPKPDviz: A flexible R shiny tool for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic simulations using mrgsolve.

GPKPDviz is a Shiny application (app) dedicated to real-time simulation, visualization, and assessment of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models. Within the app, gPKPDviz is capable of generating virtual populations and complex dosing and sampling scenarios, which, together with the streamlined workflow, is designed to efficiently assess the impact of covariates and dosing regimens on PK/PD end points. The actual population data from clinical trials can be loaded into the app for simulation if desired.

Nucleolin binds to and regulates transcription of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA minichromosome.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major public health threat with nearly 300 million people chronically infected worldwide who are at a high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Current therapies are effective in suppressing HBV replication but rarely lead to cure. Current therapies do not affect the HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which serves as the template for viral transcription and replication and is highly stable in infected cells to ensure viral persistence.

CLIP-Seq analysis enables the design of protective ribosomal RNA bait oligonucleotides against ALS/FTD poly-GR pathophysiology.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia patients with a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in (C9-HRE) accumulate poly-GR and poly-PR aggregates. The pathogenicity of these arginine-rich dipeptide repeats (R-DPRs) is thought to be driven by their propensity to bind low-complexity domains of multivalent proteins. However, the ability of R-DPRs to bind native RNA and the significance of this interaction remain unclear.

Distinct patterns of inheritance shape life-history traits in steelhead trout.

Life-history variation is the raw material of adaptation, and understanding its genetic and environmental underpinnings is key to designing effective conservation strategies. We used large-scale genetic pedigree reconstruction of anadromous steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from the Russian River, CA, USA, to elucidate sex-specific patterns of life-history traits and their heritability. SNP data from adults returning from sea over a 14-year period were used to identify 13,474 parent-offspring trios.

Drosha-dependent microRNAs modulate FUS-mediated neurodegeneration in vivo.

Mutations in the Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) gene cause the familial and progressive form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). FUS is a nuclear RNA-binding protein involved in RNA processing and the biogenesis of a specific set of microRNAs. Here we report that Drosha and two previously uncharacterized Drosha-dependent miRNAs are strong modulators of FUS expression and prevent the cytoplasmic segregation of insoluble mutant FUS in vivo.

PI3K-AKT activation resculpts integrin signaling to drive filamentous tau-induced proinflammatory astrogliosis.

Background Microtubule-binding protein tau is a misfolding-prone protein associated with tauopathies. As tau undergoes cell-to-cell transmission, extracellular tau aggregates convert astrocytes into a pro-inflammatory state via integrin activation, causing them to release unknown neurotoxic factors. Results Here, we combine transcriptomics with isotope labeling-based quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of mouse primary astrocyte secretome to establish PI3K-AKT as a critical differentiator between pathogenic and physiological integrin activation; simultaneous activation of PI3K-AKT and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in tau fibril-treated astrocytes changes the output of integrin signaling, causing pro-inflammatory gene upregulation, trans-Golgi network restructuring, and altered secretory flow.