Selective DNAM-1 expression on small peritoneal macrophages contributes to CD4 T cell costimulation.

Mouse peritoneal macrophages consist of two subsets: large peritoneal macrophages (LPMs) and small peritoneal macrophages (SPMs), defined as CD11bF4/80 and CD11bF4/80 cells, respectively. We reveal that SPMs, but not LPMs, have the ability to present antigens to naïve CD4 T cells. Coculture of SPMs with naïve ovalbumin (OVA) specific CD4 T cells (OT-II) in the presence of OVA peptide effectively induced CD4 T cells priming.

Expression of DNAM-1 (CD226) on inflammatory monocytes.

DNAM-1 is an activating receptor expressed on NK cells and T cells and plays an important role in cytotoxicity of these cells against target cells. Although the role of DNAM-1 in the function of T cells and NK cells has been well studied, the expression and function of DNAM-1 on myeloid cells have been incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated expression of DNAM-1 on monocyte subsets in mouse peripheral blood and found that only inflammatory monocytes (iMos), but not patrolling monocytes (pMos), expressed high levels of DNAM-1.

Critical role of DNAX accessory molecule-1 (DNAM-1) in the development of acute graft-versus-host disease in mice.

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a life-threatening complication following bone marrow transplantation; however, no effective molecular-targeting therapy has been determined. Here, we show that mice that received allogeneic splenocytes deficient in DNAX accessory molecule-1 (DNAM-1) had significantly milder GVHD and lower mortality than those that received allogeneic WT splenocytes. Donor CD8(+) T cells deficient in DNAM-1 showed significantly less proliferation and infiltration of the liver and intestines of recipient mice and produced less IFN-γ after coculture with allogeneic splenocytes than WT CD8(+) T cells.

X-ray polarimeter with a transmission multilayer.

We fabricated a novel x-ray polarimeter with a transmission multilayer and measured its performance with synchrotron radiation. A self standing multilayer with seven Mo/Si bilayers was installed with an incident angle of 45 degrees in front of a back-illuminated CCD. The multilayer can be rotated around the normal direction of the CCD keeping an incident angle of 45 degrees.