Publications by authors named "Eri Nishino"

Article Synopsis
  • A 12-year-old boy with short stature developed Chiari type 1 malformation and central sleep apnea after receiving high-dose growth hormone therapy from ages 10 to 12.
  • Despite experiencing significant height increase from the therapy, he reported worsening sleep apnea symptoms around a year into treatment.
  • After initial treatment with continuous positive airway pressure failed, he underwent a successful foramen magnum decompression, which normalized his breathing during sleep, highlighting the importance of MRI for patients with sleep apnea post-GH therapy.
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Despite its widespread use, high-resolution imaging with multiphoton microscopy to record neuronal signals in vivo is limited to the surface of brain tissue because of limited light penetration. Moreover, most imaging studies do not simultaneously record electrical neural activity, which is, however, crucial to understanding brain function. Accordingly, we developed a photometric patch electrode (PME) to overcome the depth limitation of optical measurements and also enable the simultaneous recording of neural electrical responses in deep brain regions.

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Neurons in the nucleus laminaris (NL) of birds detect the coincidence of binaural excitatory inputs from the nucleus magnocellularis (NM) on both sides and process the interaural time differences (ITDs) for sound localization. Sustained inhibition from the superior olivary nucleus is known to control the gain of coincidence detection, which allows the sensitivity of NL neurons to ITD tolerate strong-intensity sound. Here, we found a phasic inhibition in chicken brain slices that follows the ipsilateral NM inputs after a short time delay, sharpens coincidence detection, and may enhance ITD sensitivity in low-frequency NL neurons.

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Features of sounds such as time and intensity are important binaural cues for localizing their sources. Interaural time differences (ITDs) and interaural level differences are extracted and processed in parallel by separate pathways in the brainstem auditory nuclei. ITD cues are small, particularly in small-headed animals, and processing of these cues is optimized by both morphological and physiological specializations.

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Interaural time difference (ITD) is a major cue for sound source localization. However, animals with small heads experience small ITDs, making ITD detection difficult, particularly for low-frequency sound. Here, we describe a sound-intensity-dependent mechanism for compensating for the small ITD cues in the coincidence detector neurons in the nucleus laminaris (NL) of the chicken aged from 3 to 29 d after hatching.

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