Global landscape of replicative DNA polymerase usage in the human genome.

The division of labour among DNA polymerase underlies the accuracy and efficiency of replication. However, the roles of replicative polymerases have not been directly established in human cells. We developed polymerase usage sequencing (Pu-seq) in HCT116 cells and mapped Polε and Polα usage genome wide.

Switching of Photocatalytic Tyrosine/Histidine Labeling and Application to Photocatalytic Proximity Labeling.

Weak and transient protein interactions are involved in dynamic biological responses and are an important research subject; however, methods to elucidate such interactions are lacking. Proximity labeling is a promising technique for labeling transient ligand-binding proteins and protein-protein interaction partners of analytes via an irreversible covalent bond. Expanding chemical tools for proximity labeling is required to analyze the interactome.

A novel gradient and multilayered sheet with a silk fibroin/polyvinyl alcohol core-shell structure for bioabsorbable arterial grafts.

Bioabsorbable arterial grafts can potentially improve patency and neovessel formation; however, their application in clinical settings has not been realized. In this study, we developed bioabsorbable gradient sheets based on silk fibroin (SF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a core-shell nanofibrous structure. This gradient sheet was expected to promote vascular remodeling while we maintained its physical properties and a gradual degrading process from the luminal surface.

Pharmacokinetic and Safety Evaluation of a Transscleral Sustained Unoprostone Release Device in Monkey Eyes.

Purpose: We evaluate the ocular tissue distribution and retinal toxicity of unoprostone (UNO) during 12 months, after transscleral sustained-UNO administration using a drug delivery device in monkey eyes.

Methods: The device consisted of a reservoir, controlled-release cover, and a drug formulation of photopolymerized polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Six mg UNO was loaded into the device (length, 17 mm; width, 4.

Long-Term Protection of Genetically Ablated Rabbit Retinal Degeneration by Sustained Transscleral Unoprostone Delivery.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term protective effects of transscleral unoprostone (UNO) against retinal degeneration in transgenic (Tg) rabbits (Pro347Leu rhodopsin mutation).

Methods: The UNO release devices (URDs) were implanted into the sclerae of Tg rabbits and ERG, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and ophthalmic examinations were conducted for 40 weeks. Unoprostone metabolites in retina, choroid/RPE, aqueous humor, and plasma from wild-type (Wt) rabbits were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Age-dependent differences in recovered visual responses in Royal College of Surgeons rats transduced with the Channelrhodopsin-2 gene.

The objective of this study is to investigate age-related differences in recovered visual function in Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats transduced with the Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) gene. An adeno-associated virus vector that contained ChR2 was injected intravitreously into young or aged RCS rats. After 4 months, visual evoked potentials were recorded.