Fragments of Target Cells are Internalized into Retroviral Envelope Protein-Expressing Cells during Cell-Cell Fusion by Endocytosis.

Retroviruses enter into host cells by fusion between viral and host cell membranes. Retroviral envelope glycoprotein (Env) induces the membrane fusion, and also mediates cell-cell fusion. There are two types of cell-cell fusions induced by the Env protein.

Glutathione-dependent cell cycle G1 arrest and apoptosis induction in human lung cancer A549 cells caused by methylseleninic acid: comparison with sodium selenite.

The aim of the present study was to clarify the mechanism underlying the inhibition of cell proliferation in human lung cancer A549 cells by selenium (Se) compounds. Methylseleninic acid (CH3SeO2H, abbreviated as MSA), a synthetic Se compound, is a direct precursor of active methylselenol (CH3SeH) and is considered to be one of beneficial agents for cancer prevention and therapy. Sodium selenite (Na2SeO3), an inorganic Se form, is utilized in clinical Se supplementation.

Susceptibility of muridae cell lines to ecotropic murine leukemia virus and the cationic amino acid transporter 1 viral receptor sequences: implications for evolution of the viral receptor.

Ecotropic murine leukemia viruses (Eco-MLVs) infect mouse and rat, but not other mammalian cells, and gain access for infection through binding the cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1). Glycosylation of the rat and hamster CAT1s inhibits Eco-MLV infection, and treatment of rat and hamster cells with a glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin, enhances Eco-MLV infection. Although the mouse CAT1 is also glycosylated, it does not inhibit Eco-MLV infection.