Activity of CDK4/6 inhibitors and parameters affecting survival in elderly patients in age-subgroups: Turkish Oncology Group (TOG) retrospective study.

Highly selective inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6is) have emerged as a standart of care for first- and second-line therapies in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) for HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. It has been reported that combination therapy is more effective than ET alone and is safe in elderly patients as well as young patients. Nevertheless, elderly and very old patients with HR+/HER2-MBC treated with CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) combinations are relatively underrepresented in randomized controlled trials.

Characterizing Nodal Gamma-Delta T-Cell Lymphoma: Clinicopathological and Molecular Insights.

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas with gamma-delta phenotype (GDTCL) are rare lymphoid malignancies. Beyond the well-recognized entities of extranodal lymphomas with gamma-delta phenotype as defined by the fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Hematolymphoid Tumors and 2022 International Consensus Classification, there is a group of poorly defined gamma-delta T-cell lymphomas with predominantly nodal presentation, termed as nodal GDTCL (nGDTCL). In this study, we present a series of 12 cases of Epstein-Barr virus-negative nGDTCL, highlighting the clinical, histopathological, and molecular features of this rare entity.

Phase I Trial of MCARH109, a G Protein-Coupled Receptor Class C Group 5 Member D (GPRC5D)-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for Multiple Myeloma: An Updated Analysis.

MCARH109 is a first-in-class G protein-coupled receptor, class C, group 5, member D (GPRC5D)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. This phase I clinical trial included 17 patients and determined that MCARH109 is safe at a maximum tolerated dose of 150 × 10 CAR T cells. In this updated analysis, no new serious adverse events were reported at a median follow-up of 37 months.

Effect of Weight-Bearing and Mobilization After Treatment With Microfracture in Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus in Rabbits.

Background:  The aim of this study is to comparatively evaluate the effect of early weight bearing on recovery after treatment with the microfracture (MF) method in a rabbit model of osteochondral lesions (OCLs) of the talus.

Materials And Methods: The study was carried out on 24 tali of 12 white rabbits. Experimental animals were divided into two groups.

Therapeutic Cerebral Fluid Puncture in Patients with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: No Short-Term Effect on Neurocognitive Function.

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is typically characterized by headaches and vision loss. However, neurocognitive deficits are also described. Our study aimed to test the influence of therapeutic lumbar puncture on the latter.

Osseointegration potential of boron-coated titanium alloy pedicle screw in rabbit spine model.

Background: Spinal implants' longevity is crucial, but titanium alloys, while advantageous, lack strong bone integration. This study aimed to achieve better osseointegration rates by utilizing the ability of boron compounds to transform stem cells in the vertebra into osteoblasts.

Method: Twenty male albino rabbits were divided into control (n = 10) and experimental (n = 10) groups.

A Novel JAK2 Fusion in T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia.

T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare and aggressive mature T-cell malignancy characterized by marked lymphocytosis, B symptoms, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. There is no standard treatment approach, and in the absence of an allogeneic transplant, the prognosis remains poor. The disease-defining cytogenetic abnormality in T-PLL is the juxtaposition of the TCL1-family oncogene to the TCR gene enhancer locus primarily due to an inversion of chromosome 14, that is, inv(14).

Subgrading of G2 Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors as 2A (Ki67 3% to < 10%) Versus 2B (10% to ≤ 20%) Identifies Behaviorally Distinct Subsets in Keeping with the Evolving Management Protocols.

Background: Grade 1/2 PanNETs are mostly managed similarly, typically without any adjunct treatment with the belief that their overall metastasis rate is low. In oncology literature, Ki67-index of 10% is increasingly being used as the cutoff in stratifying patients to different protocols, although there are no systematic pathology-based studies supporting this approach.

Methods: Ki67-index was correlated with clinicopathologic parameters in 190 resected PanNETs.

Dysbiosis in pregnant mice induced by transfer of human vaginal microbiota followed by reversal of pathological changes in the uterus and placenta via progesterone treatment.

Objective: The vaginal microbiota dysbiosis induces inflammation in the uterus that triggers tissue damage and is associated with preterm birth. Progesterone is used to prevent labor in pregnant women at risk of preterm birth. However, the mechanism of action of progesterone still needs to be clarified.

Large Language Models as a Rapid and Objective Tool for Pathology Report Data Extraction.

Medical institutions continuously create a substantial amount of data that is used for scientific research. One of the departments with a great amount of archived data is the pathology department. Pathology archives hold the potential to create a case series of valuable rare entities or large cohorts of common entities.

A global assessment of hemostatic function of healthy allogeneic stem cell donors undergoing apheresis by rotational thromboelastometry.

Introduction: Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection via apheresis requires the administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim) to stem cell donors. Several reports have shown that filgrastim administration and apheresis procedure induce a hypercoagulable state across PBSC collection, which might predispose certain donors to thrombotic complications.

Methods: We evaluated the hemostatic functions of healthy allogeneic stem cell donors by rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM).

Fusion of old and new: Employing touch imprint slides for next generation sequencing in solid tumors.

Background: Cytomorphological evaluation of tissue touch imprints during rapid on-site evaluation or intraoperative pathology consultation has crucial value. However, literature on their utility for molecular testing is limited. In this study, we emphasize a further benefit of touch imprint slides and scrutinize our institutional experience on their use in molecular testing, specifically next generation sequencing (NGS).

Is Mediolateral Translation of Femur Caused by Total Knee Arthroplasty Being Ignored?

Purpose: This study aims to show the change in overall congruency due to mediolateral translation after total knee arthroplasty compared with normal knee anatomy.

Methods: This study was performed in two parts. In part 1, the relationship between femur and tibia was defined by new parameters on the antero-posterior radiographs of 84 patients.

How Many Bundles Does the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Consist of? A Case Report.

In some cases with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, physical examination and magnetic resolution imaging cannot clearly identify whether the ACL is intact or partially or completely ruptured. A 40-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic with complaints of knee pain. After the requested examinations, we could not clearly identify whether the ACL was intact or partially or completely ruptured.

Optimization and characterization of biodegradable films from chicken gelatin crosslinked with oxidized phenolic compounds.

Chicken gelatin derived from poultry by-product was combined with caffeic acid (CA), rutin (RUT) and glycerol (GLY) to obtain biodegradable films. Optimum cross-linking conditions were investigated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that cross-linking led to lower L* value and higher b*, and the higher opacity values in the films.

Conventional Tools for Predicting Satisfactory Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer Patients.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the role of Magee Equation 3 (MagEq3), IHC4 score, and HER2-low status in predicting "satisfactory response (SR)" to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in HR+/HER2- breast cancer (BC) patients.

Methods: In a retrospective study, female patients of any age with T, N, M HR+/HER2- BC who received NAC and underwent adequate locoregional surgical treatment were included. Patients were grouped according to 2 outcomes: (a) overall response to NAC in breast and axilla by using residual cancer burden (RCB) criteria and (b) axillary downstaging after NAC by using N staging.

Novel ALK immunohistochemistry assay (clone OTI1A4, Dako) is a sensitive, reliable marker for identifying ALK rearrangements in lung adenocarcinomas: A validation study.

Objectives: We present the first study validating the recent Dako ALK assay (clone OTI1A4, in vitro diagnostic) for detecting ALK rearrangements in lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods: Lung adenocarcinoma cases between 2011 and 2023 were retrospectively collected to create a cohort of 203 samples. Cases were stained with Dako ALK OTI1A4 and Ventana ALK D5F3 and reviewed by 3 pathologists independently.

Clear cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix; an unusual HPV-independent tumor: Clinicopathological features, PD-L1 expression, and mismatch repair protein deficiency status of 16 cases.

Objective: Endocervical clear cell carcinoma (c-CCC) is a rare and HPV-independent adenocarcinoma type of cervix. Being usually resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Immunotherapy has recently been added as a preferred regimen as a second-line treatment option for programed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive or mismatch repair (MMR) deficient cervical carcinomas.

Trait evolution during a rapid global weed invasion despite little genetic differentiation.

Invasive species often possess a great capacity to adapt to novel environments in the form of spatial trait variation, as a result of varying selection regimes, genetic drift, or plasticity. We explored the geographic differentiation in several phenotypic traits related to plant growth, reproduction, and defense in the highly invasive by measuring neutral genetic differentiation ( ), and comparing it with phenotypic differentiation ( ), in a common garden experiment in individuals originating from regions representing the species distribution across five continents. Native plants were more fecund than non-native plants, but the latter displayed considerably larger seed mass.

The effect of concomitant proton pump inhibitor use on survival outcomes of Nivolumab-treated renal cell carcinoma patients: a multicenter study.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the effect of concomitant proton pump inhibitors (PPI) use with nivolumab on survival outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in second-line setting.

Methods: The study was designed as a multicenter and retrospective involving patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma receiving second-line nivolumab therapy. One hundred and nine patients with mRCC were divided into two groups based on whether they use PPI concomitantly with nivolumab: concomitant PPI users and non-users.