Sources and Methods for the Production of Xyloglucan, a Promising Stimulus-Sensitive Biopolymer: A Review.

Xyloglucan is a highly promising 'green' polymer that has found its application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Due to its molecular structure similarity to mucin, it has remarkable mucoadhesion properties, which has led to a high research interest in this excipient for the development of transmucosal delivery systems. Thermosensitivity is another promising property of xyloglucan derivatives, which is mainly exhibited by synthetic block copolymers such as pluronics and PLGA derivatives.

[Potential of azoximere bromide for treatment of patients with acute inflammatory and infectious upper respiratory diseases].

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Polyoxidonium® in patients with inflammatory and infectious upper respiratory diseases in real clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included data from adults and children over 6 months old with inflammatory and infectious upper respiratory diseases (n=16 365). The exploratory endpoints included: the proportion of patients with complete relief of symptoms, demographic characteristics of patients, the frequency of prescriptions of Polyoxidonium® by disease groups, determination of the groups of concomitant drugs, most commonly prescribed treatment regimen, frequency of prescribing different Polyoxidonium® dosage forms, duration of the most common specific symptoms of acute respiratory infections during therapy, the incidence of treatment-related adverse events.

CT and MRI in the Preoperative Planning of Balloon Dilation of the Eustachian Tube: Literature Review.

Balloon dilatation of the Eustachian tube (BET) is a surgical treatment method for Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD), which relieves the symptoms in the majority of cases. However, there are potential intraoperative risks associated with BET; the decision-making process with regard to indications for BET is not standardized up to date. The objective of this study was to review the role of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the preoperative planning of BET.

[Anatomical factors of temporal bone residual cholesteatoma: our experience].

The article describes clinical cases of invasive cholesteatoma of the temporal bone pyramid, leading to a massive destruction of the surrounding structures. Paying attention to the importance of knowing the microsurgical anatomy of critical structures of temporal bone (the anterior bony plate (cog), the tensor tympani fold and the tendon, the tympanic orifice of the eustachian tube, the pretympanic recess, tympanic sinuses) bearing a significance and helping to improve the removal of the invasive cholesteatoma.

[Possibilities of using recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I in otorhinolaryngology].

Annotation: Dornase alfa (Pulmozyme, Tigerase) is a purified solution of recombinant human DNase, clinically developed for the treatment of pulmonary diseases in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The action of the drug is aimed at destroying the viscous secretion, rich in DNA strands of neutrophils, through their fragmentation, the density of the secretion decreases, and the aeration of the lower respiratory tract improves. The similarity of pathological processes with the formation of viscous exudate on the surface of the mucous membrane in diseases of the upper respiratory tract and ear initiated studies on the use of Dornase alpha in otorhinolaryngology.

[Microbiome of the external auditory canal and preoperative preparation of patients in otosurgery (literature review)].

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of methods of antiseptic and hygienic preoperative preparation of the operating field in otosurgery.

Material And Methods: A review and an expert assessment of the corresponding research objectives of scientific publications contained in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases have been carried out.

Results: Various studies indicate a lower ototoxicity of 5-10% of the drug povidone-iodine compared to others.

[Neutrophil extracellular traps in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis].

The review presents the current understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis. The causes of damage to the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses are most often the result of a combination of immunological, infectious and anatomical factors. This indicates the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the study of the pathogenesis of this pathology.

[The experience of surgical treatment of a patient with a cholesteatoma of the temporal bone pyramid].

The article describes the clinical case of the cholesteatoma of the temporal bone pyramid, leading to a massive destruction of the surrounding structures. Attention is drawn to the importance of timely diagnosis of this pathology with the use of objective visualization methods to select the optimal surgical approach, which allows to completely remove this formation.

[The experience with the education based at the clinical residency of the Department of Ear, Throat and Nose Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (on the occasion of the 260th anniversary of the Sechenovsky University)].

This publication was designed to report the experience gained by the Department of ear, nose and throat diseases at I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University in the matters concerning professional medical education in the framework of the clinical residency.

[Cholesteatoma of the external auditory meatus].

This article was designed to present a concise overview of the literature concerning cholesteatoma of the external auditory meatus and to report the original clinical observation of this condition with special reference to the necessity of its early diagnostics and surgical treatment with the use of the combination of simultaneous sanation and reconstruction.

[Our experience with the application of collagen-based preparations in reconstructive surgery of the middle ear].

This paper summarizes our experience with the application of collagen-based preparations for reconstructive surgery of the middle ear. The best morphological results (88.46%) were obtained by the closure of extensive defects with the Oblecolum membrane as a temporary supporting structure and the outer atraumatic dressing for the tympanic transplant (in 30 patients) or by the use of the compact-porous explants from the "Sanguicol" preparation as an overlay on the transplant (in 22 patients).

[Peculiarities of sanitizing middle ear reoperations].

This paper is devoted to the problem of surgical rehabilitation of patients with the so-called <>. Twenty such patients underwent second operation following sanitization ear surgery for the treatment of recurrent (more than once a year) otorrhoea in the previous period. The operation was performed in two (sanitizing and reconstructive) steps.