Effect of Ramadan Fasting in Turkey Upon Fetal Well-being and Perinatal Outcomes During the Last-Trimester of Pregnancy.

Ramadan, a one-month period in which eating and drinking are prohibited from sunrise to sunset, is considered sacred by Muslims. According to Islamic rules, fasting is obligatory for adults and healthy people, but patients and travelers are exempted from this rule. It is not clear whether pregnant women can fast during Ramadan.

Evaluation of miniscrew-supported rapid maxillary expansion in adolescents: A prospective randomized clinical trial.

Objectives:: To evaluate and compare the dental and skeletal changes with conventional and miniscrew-supported maxillary expansion appliances in adolescents.

Materials And Methods:: Forty patients were divided into two groups, with one group receiving a tooth-borne expander and the other group receiving an expander supported by four miniscrews (bone-borne). Multiplanar coronal and axial slices obtained from cone-beam computed tomography images were used to measure the changes in transverse skeletal widths, buccal bone thickness, tooth inclination, and root length.

Poor oral hygiene and middle ear infections: any relationship?

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between poor oral hygiene and middle ear infections. 59 children between 3-12 age intervals were included in this study. The ears were examined by microscope.

Smile esthetics: age related changes, and objective differences between social and spontaneous smiles.

Objective: To evaluate the importance of age in orthodontic treatment by studying the dependence of smile and resting parameters on age and to expose differences between social and spontaneous smiles.

Materials And Methods: Subjects consisted of 67 individuals aged between 17 and 55. The video recordings were transferred to a computer 200 still frames were captured for each individual 50 were captured in resting position, 50 during speech, 50for social, and 50for spontaneous smiles.

Do long-term changes in relative maxillary arch width affect buccal-corridor ratios in extraction and nonextraction treatment?

Introduction: Our aims were to evaluate long-term maxillary arch width changes in orthodontic patients treated with and without premolar extractions and to provide a potential link to the buccal-corridor ratios.

Methods: Dental casts of 34 extraction and 32 nonextraction orthodontic patients with Class I malocclusions were digitized and evaluated before treatment (T1), at posttreatment (T2), and at postretention (T3). The mean postretention times for the extraction and the nonextraction groups were 5 years 2 months and 4 years 10 months, respectively.

The efficacy of venlafaxine in the treatment of women with stress urinary incontinence.

Objective: To examine the efficacy of venlafaxine, which is used as an antidepressant, in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.

Materials And Methods: The study was designed as a placebo-controlled, double-blind and randomized clinical study. Patients in Group 1 (n=20) were administered 75 mg venlafaxine, those in Group 2 (n=20) were administered placebo for 12 weeks.

Microbiologic study of soft contact lenses after laser subepithelial keratectomy for myopia.

Purpose: To evaluate the extent and agents of bacterial contamination of bandage disposable soft contact lenses after laser subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) and to correlate the findings with clinical data.

Methods: Disposable soft contact lenses were collected from 52 eyes of 26 consecutive patients treated with LASEK for myopia. The patients were treated with a fixed combination of tobramycin and diclofenac until epithelial closure.

Extraction versus non-extraction: evaluation by digital subtraction radiography.

The aim of this study was to investigate the facial profile changes of patients treated with and without extractions of four first premolars using novel computer-based digital subtraction software. The pre- and post-treatment radiographic image pairs of 25 extraction (13 girls and 12 boys, mean age = 12.64 +/- 1.

Profile changes of patients treated with and without premolar extractions.

Introduction: In this study, we evaluated and compared treatment effects and long-term soft-tissue profile changes in patients treated with extraction of 4 first premolars and with a nonextraction protocol.

Methods: Cephalometric records of 98 patients were evaluated. For half (n = 49) of the patients, treatment included the extraction of 4 first premolars; the other 49 patients had no premolar extractions.

Long-term results of balloon dacryocystoplasty: success rates according to the site and severity of the obstruction.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term patency of lacrimal drainage system (LDS) after balloon dacryocystoplasty (BD) and to give the long-term success rates according to the severity and localization of the obstruction.

Methods: Between May 1993 and December 2003, BD was attempted in 117 eyes of 108 patients with idiopathic-acquired LDS obstruction. Patients with active dacryocystitis, dacryolithiasis, traumatic obstruction or lacrimal mass, obstructions at the superior or inferior canaliculi lateral to the common canaliculus, and follow-up period less than 36 months were excluded from the study.

Bolton tooth size discrepancies in skeletal Class I individuals presenting with different dental angle classifications.

The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency and association of Bolton tooth size discrepancies with dental discrepancies. Forty-eight skeletal Class I, 60 Class II, and 44 Class III subjects with similar skeletal characteristics were included in this study. Analysis of variance was performed to compare the mean ratios of Bolton analysis as a function of the Angle classification and sex.

Relapse of anterior crowding in patients treated with extraction and nonextraction of premolars.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term stability of incisor crowding in orthodontic patients treated with and without premolar extractions.

Methods: Dental casts and cephalometric records of 98 patients were evaluated before treatment (T1), at posttreatment (T2), and at postretention (T3). Half of the patients had been treated with extractions, and half were treated nonextraction.

Moderate exercise with a dietary vitamin C and e combination protects against streptozotocin-induced oxidative damage to the kidney and lens in pregnant rats.

Moderate exercise and vitamin C and E (VCE) supplementation can be beneficial to diabetes due to reducing free radical production in lens and kidney of diabetic pregnant rats. We investigated the effect of VCE supplementation and moderate exercise on lipid peroxidation (MDA) and scavenging enzyme activity in the kidneys and lens of STZ-induced diabetic pregnant rats. Fifty female Wistar rats were used and were randomly divided into five groups.

Perception of pain during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.

The aims of this study were to investigate the initial time at which pain occurs after insertion of two initial wires of different sizes, the duration of the pain, the areas affected within the mouth, the level of self-medication, the effect of this pain on daily life, and whether gender is important in the perception of pain. The study group consisted of 109 patients (52 boys, 57 girls) with a mean chronological age of 13.6 years for boys and 14.

Influence of acute exercise on oxidative stress in chronic smokers.

The relative oxidative insult caused by exercise and smoking on biological systems are well documented, however, their cumulative influence needs to be clarified. In order to examine the collective effects of exercise and smoking on oxidant and antioxidant parameters, young male smokers (n=10) and non-smokers (n=10) made to perform a negative slope (10%) cycling exercise for 30 minutes at individual load equivalent to 60% maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Pre- and post-exercise (post-ex) haematocrit, haemoglobin, white blood cells, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, protein carbonyl formation and non-HDL oxidation, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities, serum ceruloplasmin (CER) and urinary cotinine concentrations were evaluated.

Evaluation of the position of the hyoid bone in relation to vertical facial development.

Evaluation of the position of the hyoid bone in relation to vertical facial development and comparative evaluation of the relation of this position with the dentofacial system was made on 25 patients with hyperdivergent vertical growth, 25 patients with hypodivergent vertical growth, and 25 patients with normal vertical facial development. SN-Go-Gn, Gonion, ANS-PNS/Go-Gn angles and S-Go, N-Me, S-Go/N-Me measurements from lateral cephalometric films were used as identification parameters. Seven horizontal, five vertical and five angular cephalometric measurements were made in order to determine the position of the hyoid bone.

A comparison between zinc polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cement in the orthodontic band cementation.

Fixed orthodontic appliances have been held responsible for demineralization and caries since the time they were first introduced. Zinc polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements are the primary materials used in band cementing. In this study, we evaluated the re-cementing frequencies, enamel demineralization and the degree of cement remains of the bands cemented with glass ionomer and zinc polycarboxylate cements.

Lethal hydrops fetalis due to congenital dyserythropoietic anemia in a newborn: association of a new skeletal abnormality.

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemias (CDAs) are a group of hereditary refractory anemias characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis, typical morphological abnormalities of erythroblasts, a low or no reticulocyte response, hyperbilirubinemia, and splenomegaly. A massive hydropic newborn born with a very severe anemia (Hb 4.8 g/dL), diffuse edema, hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, pulmonary edema and respiratory distress, and shortness and hallux varus deformity of the great toe of the right foot was diagnosed to have congenital dyserythropoietic anemia on the basis of the hematological (macrocytosis, anisopoikilocytosis, fragmented red cells and erythroblastosis in the peripheral blood, and erythroid hyperplasia with erythroblastosis and erythroblasts with double nuclei and thin chromatin bridges connecting these nuclei in the bone marrow) and serological (negative acidified serum lysis test and no agglutination with anti-i antibodies) findings.

A comparison of different treatment techniques for posterior crossbite in the mixed dentition.

In this retrospective investigation, the changes occurring during the treatment of patients with posterior crossbite in the mixed dentition with the use of expansion plate and quad-helix appliances were evaluated and compared with those resulting from growth and development occurring in a control group of patients of similar age and type of malocclusion. The expansion plate group consisted of 13 patients, the quad-helix group of 14 patients, and the control group consisted of 10 children with transverse posterior crossbites in the mixed dentition. The research material was formed from orthodontic models and lateral and frontal cephalometric radiographs from 37 children.