Differences of microbial growth and biofilm formation among periprosthetic joint infection-causing species: an animal study.

Purpose: The most frequently used surgical procedures for periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR), as well as single- or two-stage revision arthroplasty. The choice of surgery is made depending on the full maturation of the biofilm layer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biofilm formation and microbial growth using common PJI-causing agents and compare its development on the implant surface.

Vesicular HMGB1 release from neurons stressed with spreading depolarization enables confined inflammatory signaling to astrocytes.

The role of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in inflammation is well characterized in the immune system and in response to tissue injury. More recently, HMGB1 was also shown to initiate an "inflammatory signaling cascade" in the brain parenchyma after a mild and brief disturbance, such as cortical spreading depolarization (CSD), leading to headache. Despite substantial evidence implying a role for inflammatory signaling in prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders such as migraine and depression, how HMGB1 is released from healthy neurons and how inflammatory signaling is initiated in the absence of apparent cell injury are not well characterized.

Molecular Signatures of Human Chronic Atrial Fibrillation in Primary Mitral Regurgitation.

Objectives: Transcriptomics of atrial fibrillation (AFib) in the setting of chronic primary mitral regurgitation (MR) remains to be characterized. We aimed to compare the gene expression profiles of patients with degenerative MR in AFib and sinus rhythm (SR) for a clearer picture of AFib pathophysiology.

Methods: After transcriptomic analysis and bioinformatics ( = 59), differentially expressed genes were defined using 1.

Histopathological features of SARS-CoV-2 infection and relationships with organoid technology.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) following infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic that is still having serious effects worldwide. This virus, which targets the lungs in particular, can also damage other tissues. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) plays a key role in viral entry into host cells.

Evaluation of blood-testis barrier integrity in terms of adhesion molecules in nonobstructive azoospermia.

Blood-testis barrier (BTB) is critical for maintaining fertility. The integrity of tight junctions (TJs) provides restricted permeability of BTB. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between BTB and Sertoli cells.

Nuclear expansion and pore opening are instant signs of neuronal hypoxia and can identify poorly fixed brains.

The initial phase of neuronal death is not well characterized. Here, we show that expansion of the nuclear membrane without losing its integrity along with peripheralization of chromatin are immediate signs of neuronal injury. Importantly, these changes can be identified with commonly used nuclear stains and used as markers of poor perfusion-fixation.

Both Granulocytic and Non-Granulocytic Blood Cells Are Affected in Patients with Severe Congenital Neutropenia and Their Non-Neutropenic Family Members: An Evaluation of Morphology, Function, and Cell Death.

Objective: To examine granulocytic and non-granulocytic cells in children with severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) and their non-neutropenic parents.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen patients with SCN and 21 non-neutropenic parents were evaluated for a) CD95, CD95 ligand, annexin V, propidium iodide, cell cycle, and lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry; b) rapid cell senescence (of leukocytes) by senescence-associated β-galactosidase stain; c) aggregation tests by aggregometer; d) in vitro bleeding time by PFA-100 instrument; e) mepacrine-labeled dense granule number of thrombocytes by fluorescence microscope; and f) hematomorphology by light and electron microscope. HAX1, ELANE, G6PC3, CSF3R, and JAGN1 mutations associated with SCN were studied in patients and several parents.

The role of vitamin E in the prevention of zoledronic acid-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: a light and electron microscopy study.

Introduction: Bisphosphonates are widely used in metastatic cancer such as prostate and breast cancer, and their nephrotoxic effects have been established previously. In this study we aimed to evaluate both the nephrotoxic effects of zoledronic acid (ZA) and the protective effects of vitamin E (Vit-E) on this process under light and electron microscopy.

Material And Methods: A total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups.

The evaluation of xenotransplantation of feline ovarian tissue vitrified by needle immersed vitrification technique into male immunodeficient mice.

In this study, the efficiency of the "Needle Immersed Vitrification" technique was tested on cryopreserved feline ovarian tissue. For vitrification, ovarian fragments (0.5-1.

Murine Sialidase Neu3 facilitates GM2 degradation and bypass in mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease.

Tay-Sachs disease is a severe lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in Hexa, the gene that encodes for the α subunit of lysosomal β-hexosaminidase A (HEXA), which converts GM2 to GM3 ganglioside. Unexpectedly, Hexa mice have a normal lifespan and show no obvious neurological impairment until at least one year of age. These mice catabolize stored GM2 ganglioside using sialidase(s) to remove sialic acid and form the glycolipid GA2, which is further processed by β-hexosaminidase B.

Tri-layered composite plug for the repair of osteochondral defects: in vivo study in sheep.

Cartilage defects are a source of pain, immobility, and reduced quality of life for patients who have acquired these defects through injury, wear, or disease. The avascular nature of cartilage tissue adds to the complexity of cartilage tissue repair or regeneration efforts. The known limitations of using autografts, allografts, or xenografts further add to this complexity.

Putative germline and pluripotent stem cells in adult mouse ovary and their in vitro differentiation potential into oocyte-like and somatic cells.

According to classical knowledge of reproductive biology, in the ovary of female mammals there is a limited number of oocytes and there is no possibility of renewal if the oocytes are lost due to disease or injury. However, in recent years, the results of some studies on renewal and formation of oocytes and follicles in the adult mammalian ovary have led to the questioning of this opinion. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the presence of putative germline and pluripotent stem cells in the adult mouse ovary and their differentiation potential into germ and somatic cells.

Protective Effect of Quercetin Against Oxidative Stress-induced Toxicity Associated With Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide in Rat Kidney and Liver Tissue.

Introduction: Doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide are widely used anticancer drugs with substantial toxicity in noncancerous tissue resulting from oxidative damage. Quercetin is a potent antioxidant compound. We hypothesized that quercetin administration would ameliorate the toxic effects of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide prior to pregnancy.

Ultrastructural investigation of the protective effects of propolis on bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis.

We investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of propolis on bleomycin induced lung fibrosis and compared these effects to prednisolone treatment. Forty rats were divided into four groups of ten: group 1 was treated with intratracheal infusion of 0.2 ml physiological saline followed by daily treatment with 0.

Ultrastructural view of a promising anti TNF-α agent on hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury.

Background: Ischemia reperfusion causes injury to the liver cells during transplantation, trauma and emergency surgery. We investigated whether the anti TNF-α agent, etanercept, can reduce injury in an animal model of ischemia reperfusion owing to the fact that TNF-α plays a critical role in the process of inflammation.

Materials And Methods: Thirty rats were divided into three groups: sham (Group 1), control (Group 2), etanercept (5 mg/kg) treatment (Group 3).

Effect of chemotherapy exposure prior to pregnancy on fetal brain tissue and the potential protective role of quercetin.

Cyclophosphamide (CYC) and doxorubicin (DOX) are among the most effective and widely used anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs. Potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic functions have recently been attributed to flavonoids. We hypothesized that Quercetin (QR) would protect against the toxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents applied prior to pregnancy.

Cytoprotective effects of amifostine, ascorbic acid and N-acetylcysteine against methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Aim: To investigate the potential role of oxidative stress and the possible therapeutic effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), amifostine (AMF) and ascorbic acid (ASC) in methotrexate (MTX)-induced hepatotoxicity.

Methods: An MTX-induced hepatotoxicity model was established in 44 male Sprague Dawley rats by administration of a single intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg MTX. Eleven of the rats were left untreated (Model group; n = 11), and the remaining rats were treated with a 7-d course of 50 mg/kg per day NAC (MTX + NAC group; n = 11), 50 mg/kg per single dose AMF (MTX + AMF group; n = 11), or 10 mg/kg per day ASC (MTX + ASC group; n = 11).

Post-natal oogenesis: a concept for controversy that intensified during the last decade.

For decades, scientists have considered that female mammals are born with a lifetime reserve of oocytes in the ovary, irrevocably fated to decline after birth. However, controversy in the matter of the possible presence of oocytes and granulosa cells that originate from stem cells in the adult mammalian ovaries has been expanded. The restricted supply of oocytes in adult female mammals has been disputed in recent years by supporters of neo-oogenesis, who claim that germline stem cells (GSCs) exist in the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) or the bone marrow (BM).

The protective effect of diosmin on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury: an experimental study.

Liver ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is an important pathologic process leading to bodily systemic effects and liver injury. Our study aimed to investigate the protective effects of diosmin, a phlebotrophic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, in a liver IRI model. Forty rats were divided into 4 groups.

Effects of organic apricot on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats.

Background: The present study investigated the effects of (sun-dried organic apricot/SDOA) supplementation in chow on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy/(PH) in rats.

Method: In this study, 28 female rats were randomized into four groups. On the 7th day of the study, group 1 underwent laparoscopic intervention while a PH was performed on the other three cohorts.

Biochemical, radiologic, ultrastructural, and genetic evaluation of iron overload in acute leukemia and iron-chelation therapy.

Iron overload in hereditary hemochromatosis and hematologic malignancy has unfavorable effects on morbidity. Herein, 53 children (age 108.4±58.

Comparison between the intraoperative use of polyvinyl chloride cover and surgical compresses for preventing postoperative adhesions.

Background/purpose: Surgical compresses used for retraction during major abdominal and pelvic procedures lead to postoperative adhesion formation resulting from damage to the visceral peritoneum. This study investigates whether polyvinyl chloride (PVC) covers cause less postsurgical adhesion and inflammation than surgical compresses in an animal model.

Methods: Female Wistar albino rats (n = 160) were divided into three groups (compress, PVC cover and control), which were then divided into 16 subgroups (n = 10/group).