Adverse effects of maternal retinyl palmitate, a vitamin A compound, on the fetal liver.

Consuming high doses of vitamin A during pregnancy may lead to malformations in the offspring. Some reports state that low doses that do not cause macroscopic abnormalities may result in mental and behavioral disorders. However, there are few studies on the microscopic effects of these doses on the organism.

Autonomic reflex effect of the inferior turbinate outfracture or bipolar cauterization inferior turbinate reduction surgery.

Purpose: To compare the autonomic reflexes caused by inferior turbinate outfracture or bipolar cauterization for inferior turbinate reduction surgery.

Methods: The investigators designed and implemented a prospective study composed of 80 patients who underwent a septoplasty with inferior turbinate reduction. The predictor variable was the type of bilateral reduction operation and included inferior turbinate outfracture with a freer elevator and 20 watts bipolar cauterization for 15 s per side after septoplasty.

A New Perspective in Comparing Injuries Caused by Short-Duration External and Internal Forces in Saphenous Vein.

Background: Great saphenous vein (GSV) graft failure is one of the major reasons for repeat bypass grafting. A comparison of the effects of simultaneous, short-duration, externally squeezing and internally distending forces on the same segment of ex-vivo human GSV has not yet been published, although similar studies have compared the experimental injury of different ex-vivo human veins.

Methods: Approximately 8-cm-long segments of GSV were harvested from each of the 15 patients.

A new apparatus for standardization of experimental burn models.

Background: Burns have severe economic burden for families and countries therefore its treatment modalities have utmost importance. Several study both experimental or clinic has been reported accordingly. Although contact burns were frequently used models, most of them were manually designed.

Nerve Tissue Prefabrication Inside the Rat Femoral Bone: Does It Work?

Aim: To investigate whether nerve regeneration can be induced in the tubular bone between distal and proximal cut nerve ends.

Material And Methods: Twenty adult Wistar rats were used for the study. Rats were divided into three groups; femoral bone conduit group, nerve transection group, sham group.

Effects of long-term agomelatine treatment on the cognitive performance and hippocampal plasticity of adult rats.

Agomelatine is an antidepressant with a distinct pharmacological mechanism of action as an MT1 and MT2 receptor agonist and as a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. We evaluated the chronic effects of agomelatine administration (40 mg/kg, 20 weeks) on the cognitive performance of rats in the Morris water maze task. We applied unbiased stereological quantification methods to estimate the total numbers of granular and pyramidal neurons located in the dorsal hippocampus.

Gender- and anxiety level-dependent effects of perinatal stress exposure on medial prefrontal cortex.

Early life stress leads to psychopathological processes correlated with the predisposition of individuals. Prolonged development of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), playing a critical role in the cognition, personality and social behavior, makes it susceptible to adverse conditions. In this study, we evaluated the dendritic morphology of medial PFC neurons in rats subjected to perinatal stress exposure.