Prognostic value of HPV DNA in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: A Preliminary Report of 2-Year Follow-up Results.

Purpose: The association between the human papillomavirus (HPV) and anogenital carcinomas is well established. However, despite its anatomic adjacency, the relationship between HPV and urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is less clear. Recent meta-analysis and case-control studies demonstrated a significant relationship between the presence of HPV DNA and UCB.

Update on the Management of Urological Problems Following Kidney Transplantation.

Urological problems in kidney transplant recipients are not limited only to posttransplantation urological complications. These problems are a cause of significant patient mortality and morbidity that have wide-ranging effects on graft survival throughout the entire life of the graft. Ultimately, the transplant comprises a major portion of the urinary system; therefore, the transplant team should be prepared for foreseeable and unforeseeable urological problems in the short and long terms.

New Approach to Microscopy of Gram-Stained Urethral Smear: The Kissing Slide Method.

Background: The effectiveness of microscopy of Gram-stained smear (GSS) for the detection of male urethral infection is debatable, especially in cases with low inflammation and no visible urethral discharge. This clinical study compared GSS samples collected with the conventional swab method and our new technique, the kissing slide method, together with polymerase chain reaction results to demonstrate the effectiveness of this new method in men with acute urethritis.

Methods: The study included 64 men who presented to the urology outpatient clinic with complaints of acute urethritis between October 2019 and January 2020.

HPV infection in urology practice.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common pathogen of sexually transmitted disease worldwide. While HPV is responsible for low-grade benign lesions in the anogenital area such as condyloma acuminatum, it is also strongly associated with cervical, anal, vulvar/vaginal, and penile carcinomas. In addition to being an oncogenic virus, HPV causes a substantial socioeconomic burden due to the recurrence of benign lesions, the lack of a definitive treatment option that provides a complete cure, and the high cost of treatment.

Classification of non-gonococcal urethritis: a review.

Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) is the most common disease of the genital tract in men. Recent studies have recommended avoiding the empiric antibiotic administrations that constitute the classical treatment approach in NGU and to aim toward treatment of causative pathogens. However, the classification of NGU agents remains controversial.

Microscopy of Gram-stained urethral smear in the diagnosis of urethritis: Which threshold value should be selected?

The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of GSS in the diagnosis of urethritis in patients who present to the outpatient clinic with symptoms of urethritis. Sixty-three male patients who presented to our outpatient clinic with symptoms of urethritis between January and March 2018 were evaluated. Urethral smear samples obtained from patients were evaluated both by GSS examination and by Real-time Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (rt-MPCR) assay.

Ex vivo stone surgery in donor kidneys at renal transplantation.

Objective: To report our experience on the outcomes of ex vivo ureteroscopy and ex vivo pyelolithotomy carried out on the donor kidney before living donor renal transplantation.

Methods: Between 2009 and 2016, 13 stone-bearing donor kidneys underwent ex vivo bench surgery after donor nephrectomy. Of these, six patients underwent ex vivo ureteroscopy and seven patients underwent ex vivo pyelolithotomy.

Outcomes of Conservative Management of Asymptomatic Live Donor Kidney Stones.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of asymptomatic stones ≤4 mm that are left in situ during renal transplantation (RT).

Materials And Methods: Between 2009 and 2017, 31 patients who received stone-bearing (≤4 mm) kidneys were analyzed. At their last follow-up, the patients were evaluated with computerized tomography (CT) imaging and the results were compared to the initial CT findings obtained during donor evaluation.

The outcomes of transurethral incision/resection of the prostate (TUIP/TURP) performed early after renal transplantation.

Objective: In the early period after renal transplantation, urinary retention stemming from bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) may directly affect graft success. The aim of this study was to evaluate the early and long-term outcomes of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and transurethral incision of prostate (TUIP) procedures performed in the first month following RT due to BOO.

Material And Methods: Between February 2009 and March 2016, 38 male patients underwent TURP/TUIP due to BOO within the first 30 days of renal transplantation.

Impact of sympathetic dysfunction in the etiology of overactive bladder in women: A preliminary study.

Aims: We investigated the effects of autonomic sympathetic dysfunction in the etiology of overactive bladder (OAB) in women, by assessing the sympathetic skin response (SSR).

Methods: In total, 40 women with OAB and 15 volunteers were enrolled. Group 1 (n = 20) consisted of patients who benefitted from oral anticholinergics, Group 2 (n = 20) consisted of patients who were refractory to oral anticholinergics, and the volunteers (n = 15) were the control group.

Effect of doxazosin on expression of eNOS in rat kidney in the presence of partial bladder outlet obstruction.

Background: The role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of renal injury has begun to be appreciated. We therefore designed this study to demonstrate the relationship between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and doxazosin in the kidneys of rats with surgically created partial bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), to further understand the role of doxazosin in the prevention of renal parenchymal damage by partial BOO.

Material And Methods: A total of 35 adult female Wistar rats, mean weight 250 g, were randomly allocated to 3 experimental groups: group1, sham-operated (n=10); group 2, partial BOO group (n=14) and group 3, partial BOO group treated with doxazosin (n=11).

Role of spinning top urethra in dysfunctional voiding.

Objective: The role of spinning top urethra (STU) in children with dysfunctional voiding was evaluated retrospectively.

Material And Methods: From 1995 to 2002, the records of 154 children with dysfunctional voiding were reviewed retrospectively. Of the children 110 (71%) were girls and 44 (29%) were boys (mean age 8 years, range 4-14).

Importance of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis.

Introduction: Although interstitial cystitis is an inflammatory disease, its etiopathogenesis is not clearly understood. The objective of the present study is to investigate the distribution of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its receptors in bladder biopsy samples of patients diagnosed with interstitial cystitis and the role of TRAIL in the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis.

Materials And Methods: TRAIL and its receptors were stained immunohistochemically in bladder biopsy samples of 27 patients diagnosed with interstitial cystitis, and the samples were evaluated independently by two pathologists and were scored in terms of expression intensity and distribution.

Midline dorsal plication to repair recurrent chordee at reoperation for hypospadias surgery complication.

Purpose: Midline dorsal plication is an efficient and safe surgical technique to correct chordee. We investigated the efficacy of midline dorsal plication for recurrent chordee in complicated hypospadias reoperations.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the charts of 25 boys who underwent reoperation between 1999 and 2004 due to complications of primary hypospadias repair other than meatal stenosis.

Can alpha-blocker therapy be an alternative to biofeedback for dysfunctional voiding and urinary retention? A prospective study.

Purpose: Traditional treatment of dysfunctional voiding in children with urinary retention involves retraining the pelvic floor muscles using biofeedback. Alpha-blockers are reported to also be effective in children with urinary retention and dysfunctional voiding. We compared the efficacy of biofeedback and alpha-blockers for dysfunctional voiding and urinary retention in terms of residual urine volume and urge incontinence episodes, mean flow rates and urinary tract infections.

The effect of location of the ureteric orifice on the efficacy of endoscopic injection to correct vesico-ureteric reflux.

Objective: To review our 11-year experience and identify the mechanisms responsible for the failure of endoscopic injection for vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) with three different injectable agents, based on the location of the ureteric orifice on endoscopy.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts and endoscopic video-photographs of 46 patients (26 girls, 20 boys, median age 6 years, range 2-16) with VUR treated once or twice by subureteric injection with PTFE, or polydimethylsiloxane or dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer, from 1992 to 2003. Five patients were lost to follow-up and six ectopic and/or duplicated ureters were excluded from the analysis; in all, 52 ureters were analysed.

Endoscopic treatment of ureteric strictures: acucise, cold-knife endoureterotomy and wall stents as a salvage approach.

Objective: To evaluate the factors influencing the results of endoureterotomy using cold-knife and cutting balloon dilatation, and permanent ureteral wall stents in patients with benign ureteral strictures after different operations affecting the ureter.

Materials And Methods: Over a 4-year period, in 18 patients, endoscopic cold-knife and Acucise endoureterotomies were performed in 13 and 7 renal units, respectively. Eight Memoterm permanent ureteral wall stents were inserted into 7 patients when endoureterotomy failed.

Should we switch over to tolterodine in every child with non-neurogenic daytime urinary incontinence in whom oxybutynin failed?

Objectives: To assess the clinical efficacy of tolterodine prescribed to children with non-neurogenic daytime urinary incontinence secondary to overactive bladder who had previously failed to improve with oral oxybutynin treatment and its relation to the side-effect profile and compliance status.

Methods: We evaluated 92 children presenting with daytime wetting, with or without nocturnal enuresis, who were receiving oral oxybutynin treatment. Children with chronic urinary tract infections, a neurologic lesion, an anatomic abnormality of lower urinary tract, voiding abnormality, and less than 1 year of oxybutynin treatment were excluded.

Comparison of hypospadiac and normal preputial vascular anatomy.

Purpose: Data about the differences between the vascularization of normal and hypospadiac prepuce are lacking. We investigated the course of the preputial arterial blood vessels in normal controls and children with hypospadias by using transillumination, arterial methylene blue injection and 3-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of serial histological sections focusing on arterial vessels.

Materials And Methods: Prepuce of 48 normal controls and 15 children with hypospadias was transilluminated by a front and back lighting technique and then photographed.

Impact of urodynamics in treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis persisting into adulthood.

Objectives: To investigate the urodynamic profiles of adults with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) and the association of the urodynamic profile findings with the efficacy of desmopressin and/or tolterodine pharmacotherapy. At least 2% of adults are enuretic during the night. The diagnostic and treatment approach for PNE is empirically the same in children and adults.

Doxazosin effects on cholinergic and adrenergic responses in rat isolated detrusor smooth muscle preparations from obstructed bladder.

We investigated the effect of doxazosin on cholinergic and adrenergic agonists responses in detrusor smooth muscle preparations from sham-operated and 2-week partially obstructed rat bladders. Male Wistar albino rats, 200-250 g, were randomly allocated to 4 experimental groups consisting of 12 animals each: sham-operated bladder, sham-operated bladder treated with doxazosin, partially obstructed bladder, and partially obstructed bladder treated with doxazosin. Partial outlet obstruction of the rat was surgically induced.

Sex cord tumour of the adult testis.

Sex cord stromal tumors are rare and account for approximately 6% of all testicular neoplasms. We report a case of sex cord tumor composed of granulosa cells and Sertoli cells in the adult testis.

Incidental adult posterior urethral valve without clinical features.

Posterior urethral valves are usually detected during infancy by prenatal sonography. Less is known about presentation and outcome in older patients. We are describing a patient who presented with renal stones and was found incidentally on cystoscopy to have Type I urethral valves.