Establishment and Application of a Triplex Real-Time Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Differentiation of PEDV, TGEV and PKV.

The pathogens responsible for porcine viral diarrhea are diverse, causing significant economic losses to the pig industry. PEDV and TGEV are well-known pathogens causing diarrheal diseases in pigs, leading to significant economic losses in the breeding industry. In contrast, the newly identified diarrhea virus, PKV, has not garnered as much attention.

The role of TIR domain-containing proteins in bacterial defense against phages.

Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing proteins play a critical role in immune responses in diverse organisms, but their function in bacterial systems remains to be fully elucidated. This study, focusing on Escherichia coli, addresses how TIR domain-containing proteins contribute to bacterial immunity against phage attack. Through an exhaustive survey of all E.

identification of bacterial antigens of a clinical isolate by combining use of proteosurfaceomics, secretomics, and BacScan technologies.

Background: Emerging infectious diseases pose a significant threat to both human and animal populations. Rapid identification of protective antigens from a clinical isolate and development of an antigen-matched vaccine is a golden strategy to prevent the spread of emerging novel pathogens.

Methods: Here, we focused on , which poses a serious threat to the pig industry, and developed a general workflow by integrating proteosurfaceomics, secretomics, and BacScan technologies for the rapid identification of bacterial protective proteins from a clinical isolate.

Landscape of New Nuclease-Containing Antiphage Systems in Escherichia coli and the Counterdefense Roles of Bacteriophage T4 Genome Modifications.

Many phages, such as T4, protect their genomes against the nucleases of bacterial restriction-modification (R-M) and CRISPR-Cas systems through covalent modification of their genomes. Recent studies have revealed many novel nuclease-containing antiphage systems, raising the question of the role of phage genome modifications in countering these systems. Here, by focusing on phage T4 and its host Escherichia coli, we depicted the landscape of the new nuclease-containing systems in E.

A temperate bacteriophage isolate from Siberian tiger enhances the virulence of methicillin-resistant through distinct mechanisms.

The emergence and worldwide spread of Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) pose a threat to human health. While bacteriophages are recognized as an effective alternative to treat infections caused by drug resistant pathogens, some bacteriophages in particular the temperate bacteriophage may also influence the virulence of the host bacteria in distinct ways. In this study, we isolated a bacteriophage vB_Saus_PHB21 from an epidermal sample of Siberian tiger () using an MRSA strain SA14 as the indicator.

Characterization of a Lytic Bacteriophage vB_EfaS_PHB08 Harboring Endolysin Lys08 Against Biofilms.

is an opportunistic pathogen that causes illnesses ranging from urinary tract infections to sepsis in humans and animals. However, the overuse of antibiotics has increased rates of drug resistance among isolates. Bacteriophages and their derivatives have recently been identified as good candidates for the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections.

Specific Integration of Temperate Phage Decreases the Pathogenicity of Host Bacteria.

Temperate phages are considered as natural vectors for gene transmission among bacteria due to the ability to integrate their genomes into a host chromosome, therefore, affect the fitness and phenotype of host bacteria. Many virulence genes of pathogenic bacteria were identified in temperate phage genomes, supporting the concept that temperate phages play important roles in increasing the bacterial pathogenicity through delivery of the virulence genes. However, little is known about the roles of temperate phages in attenuation of bacterial virulence.

Characterisation of a newly detected bacteriophage infecting Bordetella bronchiseptica in swine.

A novel virulent bacteriophage, vB_BbrM_PHB04, infecting Bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated from wastewater collected at a swine farm in China. Phage vB_BbrM_PHB04 exhibited growth over a wide range of temperature and pH conditions and showed different efficiency of plating values and lytic spectra within the same strains at 25 °C and 37 °C. High-throughput sequencing revealed that vB_BbrM_PHB04 has a linear double-stranded DNA genome with 124 putative open reading frames.

Therapeutic Application of Bacteriophage PHB02 and Its Putative Depolymerase Against Capsular Type A in Mice.

Phage PHB02 specifically infects capsular serogroup A strains. In this study, we found that capsule deletion mutants were not lysed by PHB02, suggesting that the capsule of serogroup A strains might be the primary receptor. Based on sequence analysis, a gene encoding a phage-associated putative depolymerase was identified.

Three Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis bacteriophages from the Siphoviridae family are promising candidates for phage therapy.

Salmonella is a common and widely distributed foodborne pathogen that is frequently implicated in gastrointestinal infections. The emergence and spread of Salmonella strains resistant to multiple antibiotics poses a significant health threat, highlighting the urgent need for early and effective therapeutic strategies. We isolated a total of 32 phages from water samples and anal swabs from pigs.

Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel T7-Like Bacteriophage from a Pasteurella multocida Capsular Type A Isolate.

A novel virulent bacteriophage, vB_PmuP_PHB02 (phage PHB02), infecting Pasteurella multocida capsular type A strains, was isolated from wastewater from a swine farm in China. Phage PHB02 has a linear double-stranded DNA genome consisting of 38,670 base pairs (bp), with a G+C content of 40.8% and a 127-bp terminal redundancy.

Novel pseudorabies virus variant with defects in TK, gE and gI protects growing pigs against lethal challenge.

One of the distinct features of the emerging Chinese pseudorabies virus (PRV) variant is its ability to cause severe neurological signs and high mortality in growing pigs in Bartha-K61-vaccinated pig farms. Either single- or multiple-gene-deleted live vaccine candidates have been developed; however, none was evaluated thoroughly in growing pigs. Here, we generated rSMXΔgI/gEΔTK, an attenuated PRV variant with defects in TK, gI and gE genes.