Roadmap on computational methods in optical imaging and holography [invited].

Unlabelled: Computational methods have been established as cornerstones in optical imaging and holography in recent years. Every year, the dependence of optical imaging and holography on computational methods is increasing significantly to the extent that optical methods and components are being completely and efficiently replaced with computational methods at low cost. This roadmap reviews the current scenario in four major areas namely incoherent digital holography, quantitative phase imaging, imaging through scattering layers, and super-resolution imaging.

Early and Long-Term Morbidity and Mortality Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Periampullary Tumors in Elderly Patients.

Aim: The growing elderly population is facing an increasing risk of cancers, consequently raising the pancreatic cancer surgery rate. This study aimed to determine whether advanced age is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for periampullary tumors.

Materials And Methods: The present study included 90 patients who underwent PD for periampullary tumors.

The effect of simultaneous administration of occipital nerve block and cervical myofascial trigger point injection (MTrPI) on headache parameters in chronic migraine patients.

Background And Aim: Peripheral myofascial mechanisms have been identified as contributors to migraine pathophysiology. The specific comorbid relationship between migraine and cervical trigger points may exacerbate the occurrence and severity of migraine attacks. Trigger point injections (TPIs) are frequently employed to address headaches and alleviate migraine symptoms.

A strategy to disentangle direct and indirect effects on (de)phosphorylation by chemical modulators of the phosphatase PP1 in complex cellular contexts.

Chemical activators and inhibitors are useful probes to identify substrates and downstream effects of enzymes; however, due to the complex signaling environment within cells, it is challenging to distinguish between direct and indirect effects. This is particularly the case for phosphorylation, where a single (de)phosphorylation event can trigger rapid changes in many other phosphorylation sites. An additional complication arises when a single catalytic entity, which acts in the form of many different holoenzymes with different substrates, is activated or inhibited, as it is unclear which holoenzymes are affected, and in turn which of their substrates are (de)phosphorylated.

Evaluation of chromosomal abnormalities in the postnatal cohort: A single-center study on 14,242 patients.

Background And Aim: Chromosomal analysis is a laboratory technique used to examine the chromosomes of an individual, offering insights into chromosome numbers, structures, and arrangements to diagnose and comprehend genetic diseases. This retrospective study provides a comprehensive understanding of the distribution by indications in a large cohort of 14,242 patients and the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in different clinical populations.

Method: The study examined various indications for karyotype evaluation, with recurrent pregnancy loss being the most common indication, followed by intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, congenital anomalies, and developmental delay.

Development of a mouse embryonic stem cell model for investigating the functions of the linker histone H1-4.

The linker histone H1 C-terminal domain (CTD) plays a pivotal role in chromatin condensation. De novo frameshift mutations within the CTD coding region of H1.4 have recently been reported to be associated with Rahman syndrome, a neurological disease that causes intellectual disability and overgrowth.

Biological variation of serum neopterin concentrations in apparently healthy individuals.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the biological variation (BV), reference change value (RCV), index of individuality (II), and quality specifications for serum neopterin concentrations; a measurand provided by clinical laboratories as an indicator of cellular immunity.

Methods: The study delivered serum samples collected for 10 consecutive weeks from 12 apparently healthy individuals (3 male, 9 female). Serum neopterin concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection.

A Chemically Inducible Organelle Rerouting Assay to Probe Primary Cilium Assembly, Maintenance, and Disassembly in Cultured Cells.

The primary cilium is a conserved, microtubule-based organelle that protrudes from the surface of most vertebrate cells as well as sensory cells of many organisms. It transduces extracellular chemical and mechanical cues to regulate diverse cellular processes during development and physiology. Loss-of-function studies via RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockouts have been the main tool for elucidating the functions of proteins, protein complexes, and organelles implicated in cilium biology.

Impact of positive-to-total lymph node ratio on prognosis in stage 3 colorectal cancer. A multicenter study.

Background: Colorectal cancer remains a health problem despite advances in diagnostic and treatment methods. This study aimed to determine the impact of positive-to-total lymph node ratio on survival in colorectal cancer.

Methods: Patients with stage 3 colorectal cancer were included.

Effect of the MiR-99b and MiR-135b on peritoneal carcinomatosis and liver metastasis in colorectal cancer.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-99b and miR-135b in peritoneal carcinoma and liver metastases associated with Colorectal Cancer (CRC), assess their association with the intracellular signaling pathway proteins Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Virus (KRAS) and Akt, and investigate their effects on survival.

Materials And Methods: Changes in the KRAS gene and Akt proteins, expression levels of miR-99b and miR-135b, and factors affecting survival were compared between colorectal cancer-associated peritoneal carcinomatosis and liver metastasis.

Results: The expression levels of miR-99b and miR-135b and the immunohistochemical grade classification score of Akt were higher in colorectal cancer, peritoneal carcinomatosis, and liver metastasis than in normal tissues (p < 0.

Effect of tumor size on prognosis in colorectal cancer.

Aim: This study aimed to reveal the effect of tumor size on overall survival and disease-free survival.

Material And Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated the data of 593 patients who underwent colorectal surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC) between May 2012 and December 2018. The patients were divided into two groups based on their tumor size; those with a tumor size <5 cm were grouped as group 1 and those with a tumor size ≥ 5 cm were grouped as group 2.

Prognostic significance of common hepatic artery lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer.

Purpose: The number of lymph nodes is used to determine the prognosis in patients with gastric cancer undergoing D2 lymph node dissection. However, a group of extraperigastric lymph nodes, including lymph node 8a, are also considered to be effective in prognosis. In our clinical experience, in most patients during D2 lymph node dissection, the lymph nodes are removed en-bloc with the specimen and are not marked separately.

Effects of preoperative biliary drainage methods and time to postoperative complications after biliary drainage in periampullary tumors.

Objective: To compare postoperative morbidity and mortality results in patients with and without endoscopic and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage due to obstructive jaundice caused by a periampullary tumor and to examine the effect of intervals until surgery on postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients who underwent preoperative biliary drainage (BD).

Methods: Patients were divided into 3 groups according to their BD status. Group1, no biliary drainage (NBD), Group2, Endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD), Group3, Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PBD).

The role of hematological parameters in distinguishing acute appendicitis from lymphoid hyperplasia.

Background: One of the most misdiagnosed appendicular pathologies is lymphoid hyperplasia (LH) that can be managed con-servatively when identified early and is self-limiting. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare acute appendicitis (AA) with LH in terms of hematological parameters to determine whether there is a hematological predictor to distinguish the two diseases.

Methods: Complete blood cell counts of patients with AA were compared with those having LH.

Development and validation of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for the determination of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in 200 Antarctica samples by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.

Antarctica has seen an increase in scientific research and tourism, and anthropogenic activities such as incineration of waste products and fuel combustion for energy and transportation are potential contamination sources to the ecosystem. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are common products of incomplete combustion of organic compounds and could be among accumulating contaminants in Antarctica. Thus, this study sought to develop a sensitive dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for the determination of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.

Morbidity and long-term results in patients with wild and mutant type Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations undergoing colorectal cancer surgery.

Background: In colorectal cancer (CRC), the mutation of the K(N)RAS gene has a significant impact on the clinical course, and is associated with a negative prognosis. We aim to present the morbidity and long-term results in patients with wild/mut-K(N)RAS, undergoing CRC surgery.

Methods: A total of 116 patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancers with wild/mut-K(N)RAS were included in this retrospective study.

Evaluation of the effects of Covid-19 on cochleovestibular system with audiovestibular tests.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on audiovestibular system with Transiently Evoked Distortion Otoacoustic Emissions (TOAE), Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE), video head impulse test (vHIT) and caloric test.

Methods: Audiovestibular findings of 24 patients with moderate/severe COVID-19 and 24 healthy controls were compared using pure tone audiometry, tympanometry, TOAE, DPOAE, caloric test, and vHIT.

Results: On audiometry, the pure tone averages of the COVID-19 patients were higher than the controls ( = .

Effects of specimen haemolysis on complete blood count results by Abbott Alinity hq System.

Introduction: The current study aimed to assess the interference of haemolysis on complete blood count (CBC) using Abbott Alinity hq system, and to determine which haemolysis levels affect the reliability of sample results.

Materials And Methods: Blood samples obtained from 25 volunteers in K3-EDTA tubes were divided into four aliquots. The first aliquot was not subjected to any intervention.

BTD Gene Mutations in Biotinidase Deficiency: Genotype-Phenotype Correlation.

Objective: To identify the biotinidase (BTD) gene mutations in patients with biotinidase deficiency in our region; and to determine the phenotype-genotype correlations in the presence of clinical findings.

Study Design: Descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Medical Genetics and Pediatric Metabolism Outpatient Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, between January 2018 and June 2020.

Calcifying fibrous tumor of the pancreas: A case report.

A calcifying fibrous tumor (CFT) is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor characterized by a hypocellular fibroblastic proliferation with associated chronic inflammation and variably prominent calcification. Gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most common predilection site of CFT. English-language literature reveals approximate 50 such reports of GI-CFTs.

The effect of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) on healing of ischemic colon anastomosis in rats.

Background/aim: Ischemia on the colon wall negatively affects healing of anastomosis. We were aimed to evaluate the effects of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) on the healing of anastomosis in a rat model of the ischemic colon.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study a total of 60 rats were randomly divided into three groups as colon transection and end-to-end anastomosis (Group I), colon transection, and end-to-end anastomosis following the induction of ischemia (Group II), and colon transection and end-to-end anastomosis following the induction of ischemia and treated with daily intraperitoneal administration of CORM-2 (Group III).