Effects of oxypolygelatin and dextran 70 on hemostatic variables in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate and compare coagulation variables following the administration of oxypolygelatin and dextran 70 to clinically healthy dogs.

Study Design: Randomized cross-over experimental study.

Animals: A total of eight healthy adult female Beagles aged 2-4 years old and weighing 11.

Hereditary nasal parakeratosis in Labrador retrievers: 11 new cases and a retrospective study on the presence of accumulations of serum ('serum lakes') in the epidermis of parakeratotic dermatoses and inflamed nasal plana of dogs.

We report 11 new cases of hereditary nasal parakeratosis in Labrador retrievers. The disease was first observed when the dogs were 6 months to 2 years of age, and affected dogs of either sex and all coat colours. Hyperkeratosis and depigmentation were confined to the nasal planum, and affected dogs were otherwise healthy.

Accuracy and precision of a point-of-care hemoglobinometer for measuring hemoglobin concentration and estimating packed cell volume in horses.

Objective: To determine accuracy and precision of a point-of-care hemoglobinometer for measuring hemoglobin concentration and estimating PCV in horses.

Design: Prospective trial.

Animals: 55 horses.

Effect of dorsal hip loading, sedation, and general anesthesia on the dorsolateral subluxation score in dogs.

Objective: To determine whether dorsal loading of the pelvis and type of chemical restraint affected the dorsolateral subluxation (DLS) score of dog hips. STYDY DESIGN: In vivo testing of diagnostic method.

Animals: Labrador retrievers, Greyhounds, and crosses between both breeds (n = 119 dogs).

Evaluation of urine sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids as a diagnostic test for liver disease in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate 3 methods for measuring urine bile acids (UBA) and compare their diagnostic performance with that of the serum bile acids (SBA) test and other routine screening tests in dogs with hepatic disorders.

Design: Prospective study.

Animals: 15 healthy dogs, 102 dogs with hepatic disorders, and 9 dogs with clinical signs of hepatic disorders that were found to have nonhepatic disorders.

Investigations into the role of the thyrohyoid muscles in the pathogenesis of dorsal displacement of the soft palate in horses.

Reasons For Performing Study: Contributes to the understanding of the pathogenesis of dorsal displacement of the soft palate during exercise so that management of this condition could be enhanced.

Hypothesis: That the thyrohyoid muscles play an important role in the stability of the laryngo-palatal relationship and that dysfunction of these muscles leads to dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP) during exercise.

Methods: Ten horses were exercised on a high-speed treadmill under 4 different treatment conditions: control conditions (n = 10), after resection of thyrohyoid muscles (TH, n = 10), after sham-treatment (n = 5), or after restoration of function of the thyrohyoid muscles with surgical sutures (prosthesis-treatment, n = 6).

Coordinate regulation of glutathione biosynthesis and release by Nrf2-expressing glia potently protects neurons from oxidative stress.

Astrocytes have a higher antioxidant potential in comparison to neurons. Pathways associated with this selective advantage include the transcriptional regulation of antioxidant enzymes via the action of the Cap'n'Collar transcription factor Nrf2 at the antioxidant response element (ARE). Here we show that Nrf2 overexpression can reengineer neurons to express this glial pathway and enhance antioxidant gene expression.

Individualism, authoritarianism, and attitudes toward assisted death: cross-cultural, cross-regional, and experimental evidence.

We hypothesized that in individualistic cultures, individualism predicts positive attitudes toward assisted death, whereas authoritarianism is negatively associated with favorable views of this issue. Study 1 confirmed this hypothesis in a Polish sample (n=100). Study 2, using a German sample (n=102), found the predicted relationships for forms of assisted death that involved the individual self-determination of a terminally ill patient.

Carboplatin and doxorubicin combination chemotherapy for the treatment of appendicular osteosarcoma in the dog.

Twenty-four client-owned dogs with histologically diagnosed appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA) and no evidence of gross metastatic disease were treated with amputation or limb salvage followed by combination chemotherapy consisting of carboplatin (175mg/ m2 IV, day 1) and doxorubicin (15 mg/m2 IV, day 2) given on a 21-day cycle for a maximum of 4 cycles. Hematologic and gastrointestinal adverse effects were graded according to National Cancer Institute guidelines. Thoracic radiographs were obtained before the 3rd chemotherapy cycle and then every 2 months.

Urine sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids as a diagnostic test for liver disease in cats.

Urine bile acid (UBA) tests reflecting "average" serum bile acid (SBA) concentrations may have greater practical utility than paired SBA samples in cats. This study evaluated whether urine sulfated bile acids (USBAs), urine nousulfated bile acids (UNSBAs), or a combined approach had a clinical utility equivalent to SBAs. Routine serum biochemistry tests, SBA concentrations, and urine samples were collected from 54 cats with hepatobiliary disease, 17 cats with nonhepatic disorders, and 8 healthy cats.

When expertise backfires: contrast and assimilation effects in persuasion.

It was proposed that source cues bias message processing in a direction opposite to cue valence if message content violates cue-based expectancies (contrast hypothesis), but consistent with cue valence if message content is ambiguous (bias hypothesis). In line with these hypotheses, students (N = 123) reported less favourable thoughts and attitudes after reading weak arguments presented by a high (vs. low) expertise source (Expts 1 and 2), and reported more favourable thoughts after reading strong arguments presented by a low (vs.

Sound signature for identification and quantification of upper airway disease in horses.

Objective: To investigate whether upper airway sounds of horses exercising with laryngeal hemiplegia and alar fold paralysis have distinct sound characteristics, compared with unaffected horses.

Animals: 6 mature horses.

Procedure: Upper airway sounds were recorded in horses exercising on a high-speed treadmill at maximum heart rate (HR(MAX)) under 3 treatment conditions (ie, normal upper airway function [control condition], and after induction of left laryngeal hemiplegia or bilateral alar fold paralysis) in a randomized crossover design.

Plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) concentrations and clinical response in horses treated for equine Cushing's disease with cyproheptadine or pergolide.

Plasma ACTH levels have been variable in horses with a positive clinical response for therapy for equine Cushing's Disease (ECD). Therefore, our purpose was to determine the value of monitoring plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) levels during treatment of equine Cushing's disease (ECD) with either cyproheptadine (n = 32) or pergolide (n = 10). First, we validated the chemiluminescent ACTH assay (specificity, precision, accuracy, intra-assay and interassay variations) and tested methods of handling the whole blood from the time of collection to when the ACTH was assayed.

Survival of foals with experimentally induced Rhodococcus equi infection given either hyperimmune plasma containing R. equi antibody or normal equine plasma.

The purpose of this study was to determine if colostrum-deprived foals with experimentally induced Rhodococcus equi pneumonia have a decreased severity of the disease and decreased mortality rate when given hyperimmune (HI) R. equi antibody plasma (R. equi titer at least 100 % and virulence-associated protein A [VapA] at least 10000) prophylactically versus when given normal equine plasma (R.

Liver glutathione concentrations in dogs and cats with naturally occurring liver disease.

Objective: To determine total glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) concentrations in liver tissues from dogs and cats with spontaneous liver disease.

Sample Population: Liver biopsy specimens from 63 dogs and 20 cats with liver disease and 12 healthy dogs and 15 healthy cats.

Procedure: GSH was measured by use of an enzymatic method; GSSG was measured after 2-vinylpyridine extraction of reduced GSH.

The apo-enzyme content of aminotransferases in healthy and diseased domestic animals.

We investigated the apo-enzyme content of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in clinically normal and ill canine, feline, equine and bovine patients. Aminotransferase activity was measured with and without the addition of exogenous pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (P5P). The amount of apo-enzyme was expressed as the percentage change in aminotransferase activity with the inclusion of P5P.

The influence of age on patellar reflex response in the dog.

The patellar tendon reflex is a clinical parameter commonly used to assess neurological status. Factors such as quadriceps muscle fiber composition, femur length, and patient age have been reported to influence total and fractionated reflex times in human beings. The purpose of this blinded, cross-sectional study was to examine the effect of age on the patellar reflex in the dog.

Prevalence and incidence of serum magnesium abnormalities in hospitalized cats.

Total serum magnesium concentration ([Mg2+]s) was prospectively determined for 57 cats admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Cornell University Hospital for Animals. Data were collected and analyzed to determine the following: prevalence and incidence of [Mg2+] abnormalities, medical disorders associated with altered [Mg2+]s, association of altered [Mg2+]s with other electrolyte abnormalities, length of hospitalization for cats with abnormalities of [Mg2+]s versus those with normal [Mg2+]s, and survival of cats with abnormal [Mg2+)s versus those with normal [Mg2+]s. The point prevalence of magnesium abnormalities was 26%, the period prevalence was 46%, and the cumulative incidence was 23%.

Lymphosarcoma in the laboratory woodchuck (Marmota monax).

From 1979 to 1999,28 cases of lymphosarcoma were identified in the Cornell University woodchuck colony (prevalence rate: 152/100,000/yr). The prevalence of lymphosarcoma was similar in woodchucks not infected with the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and in chronic carriers of WHV. Males (13) and females (15) alike were affected (mean +/- SD age 4.

Diagnostic comparison of needle and wedge biopsy specimens of the liver in dogs and cats.

Objective: To compare morphologic diagnoses determined from needle biopsy specimens obtained from the livers of dogs and cats with morphologic diagnoses determined from wedge biopsy specimens.

Design: Prospective study.

Animals: 124 dogs and cats.

Morphology of ventricular arrhythmias in the boxer as measured by 12-lead electrocardiography with pace-mapping comparison.

The QRS amplitude and polarity were determined in 12-lead electrocardiograms recorded from 22 Boxers with ventricular arrhythmias. Eighty-one percent (18/22) of dogs displayed a positive QRS morphology in the caudoventral leads (II, III, and aVF) and 77% (17/22) of dogs displayed a positive QRS morphology in the left precordial leads (V2-V6). In leads I and V1, the polarity of the QRS complex was variable (positive or negative).

Intracorneal vacuoles in skin diseases with parakeratotic hyperkeratosis in the dog: a retrospective light-microscopy study of 111 cases (1973-2000).

Two recent case reports described a congenital keratinization defect (congenital follicular parakeratosis; CFP) in Rottweiler and Siberian Husky dogs. Skin biopsy specimens revealed marked parakeratosis targeting the hair follicle and numerous intracorneal vacuoles. A retrospective histopathological study was conducted on skin biopsy specimens from 111 dogs with diseases associated with parakeratotic hyperkeratosis to determine whether intracorneal vacuoles were present.