Calcineurin-Inhibitor Discontinuation Could Reduce the Risk of De Novo Malignancies After Liver Transplantation for Alcohol-Related Liver Disease.

Background: De novo malignancies are one of the leading causes of death after liver transplantation (LT), particularly in patients transplanted for alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). This retrospective study aimed to assess risk factors for malignancies and to evaluate the impact of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) discontinuation.

Methods: From 1990 to 2015, all patients transplanted for ALD were included.

The role and evolution of partial splenic embolization over three decades: A multicentric retrospective single cohort study of 90 patients from French nationwide experience.

Background: Partial splenic embolization (PSE) has been proposed to treat the consequences of hypersplenism in the context of portal hypertension, especially thrombocytopenia. However, a high morbidity/mortality rate has made this technique unpopular. We conducted a multicenter retrospective nationwide French study to reevaluate efficacy and tolerance.

Characteristics, management, and outcome of tuberculosis after liver transplant: A case series and literature review.

Background: Liver transplant recipients are at risk of tuberculosis, which is particularly difficult-to diagnose and to treat in this population.

Methods: Retrospective study of all cases of tuberculosis diagnosed from 2007 to 2022 in the French network of liver transplant sites.

Results: Twenty-three liver transplant recipients were diagnosed with tuberculosis (six females, median age 59 years [interquartile range, 54-62]), with a median time lapse of 10 months [5-40.

Dual alcohol and metabolic-related liver disease: Results from a population of liver transplant patients.

Background & Aims: If alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are now the two main indications for liver transplantation (LT), it has been recognized that both conditions can coexist in varying degrees and the concept of dual-aetiology fatty liver disease (DAFLD) has been proposed. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate, in a cohort of patients transplanted for ALD and NAFLD, the prevalence of DAFLD before LT and the impact on liver graft outcome.

Methods: From 1990 to 2010, all patients who underwent LT for the so-called ALD or NAFLD in our centre were included.

Circulating microRNAs improve bacterial infection diagnosis and overall survival prediction in acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis.

Bacterial infections are the most frequent precipitating event in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis (AD) and are associated with high mortality. Early diagnosis is challenging due to cirrhosis-related systemic inflammation. Here we investigated the potential of circulating microRNAs to diagnose bacterial infections and predict survival in cirrhotic patients with AD.

Case Report: Successful liver transplantation after achieving complete clinical remission of advanced HCC with Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab combination therapy.

Background: Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab combination therapy has recently emerged as the new standard of care for unresectable HCC. Significant tumor burden reduction can be observed under that treatment, raising the question of liver transplantation (LT). The safety of another immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), nivolumab, is unclear in the pre-transplant setting.

Treatment of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies-mediated rejection after liver transplantation: A French nationwide retrospective study.

The deleterious effect of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA) after liver transplantation (LT) has been increasingly recognized during the past decade. Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) represents a rare but severe complication in the presence of DSA. However, little is known concerning the treatment of AMR after LT.

Bariatric surgery and liver transplantation, here we are now: A French nationwide retrospective study.

At the time of the growing obesity epidemic worldwide, liver transplantation (LT) and metabolic syndrome are closely linked: non-alcohol-related fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading indications for liver transplantation, and metabolic syndrome can also appear after liver transplantation, in relation to immunosuppressive medications and weight gain, whatever was the initial liver disease leading to the indication of LT. Therefore, the role of bariatric surgery (BS) is important due to its longer-lasting effect and efficacy. We performed a retrospective review of all 50 adult French liver transplant recipients who had a history of bariatric surgery, including 37 procedures before transplantation, and 14 after.

Iterative antibody-induced bile salt export pump deficiency after successive liver transplantations successfully treated with plasmapheresis and rituximab.

Post-transplantation evolution of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 patients can be complicated by antibody-induced bile salt export pump deficiency (AIBD). There is no consensus on its management. We describe a patient who presented two episodes, 9 years apart.

Inevitability of disease recurrence after liver transplantation for NAFLD cirrhosis.

Background & Aims: Liver transplantation (LT) is the only available treatment for end-stage non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (related decompensated cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma). The aim of our study was to evaluate the risk of disease recurrence after LT and the factors influencing it.

Method: This retrospective multicenter study included adults transplanted for NAFLD cirrhosis between 2000 and 2019 in 20 participating French-speaking centers.

Antineoplastic chemotherapy and immunosuppression in liver transplant recipients: Squaring the circle?

Background: Malignancies are a major cause of late death after liver transplantation (LT). In LT recipients presenting a malignancy, antineoplastic chemotherapy is central part of the therapeutic arsenal, but management of both immunosuppressive and antineoplastic chemotherapy can be very challenging. The aim of the present retrospective study was to describe a recent single center cohort of LT recipients treated with antineoplastic cytotoxic chemotherapy.

Prophylactic sequential antibiotic therapy for recurrent liver/biliary sepsis.

Background And Aims: Recurrent liver/biliary sepsis are rare and can occur in different situations. Curative treatment of acute septic episodes is based on antibiotics. Nevertheless, recurrent sepsis can be life-threatening, and the treatment of the underlying disease could be complex, and eventually not possible.

Liver Transplantation for Colorectal Liver Metastases: Current Management and Future Perspectives.

Patients with nonresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer have few therapeutic options and a dismal prognosis. Although liver transplantation for this indication has historically a poor reputation, recent advances in the field of chemotherapy and immunosuppression have paved the way to revisit the concept. New data have shown promising results that need to be validated in several ongoing clinical trials.

Paf-acether (platelet-activating factor) and interleukin-1-like cytokine production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated glomeruli.

The production of inflammatory mediators by glomerular cells may be instrumental in the development of pathophysiological alterations during glomerulonephritis. Since bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a naturally occurring immunological stimulus, we studied its inflammatory effects on isolated renal glomeruli. LPS stimulation of human and rat isolated glomeruli resulted in a dose- and time-dependent platelet-activating factor (paf-acether) production.

Specificity of antibodies to heterologous glomerular and tubular basement membranes in various strains of mice with different H-2 types.

C3H, CBA (H-2k) and NZB (H-2d) mice were immunized with dog insoluble glomerular (GBM) or tubular basement membrane (TBM). The titre of circulating antibodies was sequentially determined and their specificity was analysed using various soluble antigenic fractions. Glomerular and tubular deposits were studied on serial biopsies by direct immunofluorescence.

Specificity of antibodies to heterologous glomerular and tubular basement membranes in BALB/c mice.

Balb/c mice were immunized with dog insoluble glomerular basement membrane (GBM) or tubular basement membrane (TBM). The titre of circulating antibodies was sequentially determined and their specificity was analysed using various soluble membrane fractions. Glomerular and tubular deposits were studied on serial biopsies by direct immunofluorescence.

Regulation of contact sensitivity to DNFB in the mouse: effects of adult thymectomy and thymic factor.

The contact sensitivity response to DNFB is decreased after adult thymectomy (ATX). This response decreases to 50% of the control response of normal age-matched mice as soon as 3 weeks after ATX and is not further depressed 9 to 16 weeks after ATX. These results suggest that two T cell subsets of different lifespan are involved in the anti-DNFB response.

[T-Lymphocyte regulation of contact sensitivity: effect of thymectomy in adult mice].

6 weeks after adult thymectomy (ATx) in the Mouse, the contact sensitivity reaction to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) is enhanced. 4 to 7 months after ATx, this reaction is deeply, but incompletely depressed, whereas the concomitant antibody response is not affected. These results suggest that both a suppressor, and an amplifier, T lymphocytes, the life span of which is different after ATx, are involved in the regulation of contact sensitivity.