Young internal migrants' major health issues and health seeking barriers in Shanghai, China: a qualitative study.

Background: China is experiencing a sizeable rural-urban flow, which may influence the health of internal migrant youth deeply. Disadvantages in the city are highly likely to contribute to health issues among the young internal migrant population. The current qualitative study is to explore how internal migrant young people view the health issues they face, and the services and opportunities they could seek in their host community.

Gender differences in cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking among adolescents and young adults in Hanoi, Shanghai, and Taipei.

Objective: This study aimed to examine gender differences in smoking and alcohol drinking behaviors in three Asian cities of Hanoi, Shanghai, and Taipei, and to assess the magnitude of gender differences across the three cities.

Methods: A total of 17,016 adolescents (age: 15-19 years) and young adults (age: 20-24 years) were selected using multi-stage sampling methods and surveyed in face-to-face interviews. A total of 16,554 unmarried respondents were included in this analysis.

Gender role attitudes, awareness and experiences of non-consensual sex among university students in Shanghai, China.

Background: Non-consensual sex (NCS) among young people, an important subject with public health and human rights implications, was less studied in China. This study is to investigate the NCS awareness and victimization of university students in Shanghai, China and whether they were associated with adolescent gender-role attitudes.

Methods: Gender-role attitudes, awareness and victimization of different forms of NCS were examined among 1099 undergraduates (430 males and 669 females) in four universities in Shanghai using computer-assisted self-interview approach.

Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) in Wistar rats reduces sperm quality with disruption of ERK signal pathway.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic environmental toxin widely used in the production of plastics and ubiquitous human exposure to this chemical has been proposed to be a potential risk to human health. Exposure to BPA can negatively impact sperm quality. However, the mechanism remains largely unknown.

Single or double semen samples: the dilemma in epidemiological studies on semen quality.

Study Question: Is it necessary to collect more than one semen sample from each individual in epidemiological studies?

Summary Answer: Single semen samples can be used in model construction as long as the model adjusts for major relevant covariates.

What Is Known Already: If a series of semen samples are taken from one individual at different times, significant intra-individual variation may exist.

Study Design, Size, Duration: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 December 2000 to 20 November 2002.

Patterns of sexual behaviors among unmarried adolescents and youth in three Asian cities.

We examined patterns of sexual behaviors of unmarried adolescents and youth (UAY) in three Asian cities (Shanghai, Taipei, and Hanoi) and identified factors related to the timing of initial sexual experience. From analysis of a sample of 16,554 UAY aged 15-24 years recruited from Shanghai, Taipei, and Hanoi plus data collected from face-to-face interviews complemented by computer-assisted self-interviews for intimate questions, we learned: UAY in Shanghai, Taipei, and Hanoi have different sexual behaviors. Affluent economic status increases the likelihood of early initial sexual experiences.

Associations between Bisphenol A Exposure and Reproductive Hormones among Female Workers.

The associations between Bisphenol-A (BPA) exposure and reproductive hormone levels among women are unclear. A cross-sectional study was conducted among female workers from BPA-exposed and unexposed factories in China. Women's blood samples were collected for assay of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17β-Estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL), and progesterone (PROG).

The relationship between age at menarche and infertility among Chinese rural women.

Objective: To explore the relationship between age at menarche and infertility.

Study Design: The cross-sectional study investigated 6906 couples from the communities in Sandu Shui Autonomous County of Guizhou Province, China. Face to face interviews were conducted to collect information on age at menarche and time to first pregnancy, as well as demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors.

Association between environmental exposure to cadmium and human semen quality.

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal with toxicant to reproductive functions. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of environmental exposure to Cd on human semen quality. A total of 587 men from the general population, aged from 20 to 59 years old, and without occupational exposure to Cd were recruited from three provinces in China to participate in the study.

Exposure to bisphenol-A and reproductive hormones among male adults.

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a suspected human endocrine disruptor which is widely used.

Methods: In order to determine whether urine BPA level is associated with serum reproductive hormone levels among male adults, we carried out a cross-sectional study in China. We recruited 592 male workers and collected their urine samples for BPA measurement.

Child Sexual Abuse and Its Relationship With Health Risk Behaviors Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Taipei.

This study explores the association of child sexual abuse (CSA) with subsequent health risk behaviors among a cross-section of 4354 adolescents and young adults surveyed in urban and rural Taipei. Descriptive analysis and logistic regressions were employed. The overall proportion of CSA was 5.

Sexual orientation and smoking history: results from a community-based sample of youth in Shanghai, China.

Objective: Cigarette smoking has been found to be more prevalent among adults and youths with a minority sexual orientation (lesbian, gay, bisexual, LGB) than among the general population, while less is known about smoking among LGB youth in low- and middle-income countries. The goal of the study was to examine cigarette smoking in relation to sexual orientation in a community-based sample of youth in Shanghai, China.

Methods: A multi-center cross-sectional survey of 17,016 youth aged 15-24 years was conducted in rural and urban areas of Hanoi, Vietnam; Taipei, Taiwan; and Shanghai, China in 2006.

Drunkenness and its association with health risk behaviors among adolescents and young adults in three Asian cities: Hanoi, Shanghai, Taipei.

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of drunkenness among adolescents in Hanoi, Shanghai, and Taipei and explore the association between heavy drinking and other health risk behaviors.

Methods: The data are drawn from the Three-city Collaborative Study of Adolescent Health, conducted in Hanoi, Shanghai, and Taipei in 2006. A sample of 17,016 adolescents and young adults, aged 15-24 years, was selected by multistage sampling.

Respondent-driven sampling for an adolescent health study in vulnerable urban settings: a multi-country study.

The global adolescent population is larger than ever before and is rapidly urbanizing. Global surveillance systems to monitor youth health typically use household- and school-based recruitment methods. These systems risk not reaching the most marginalized youth made vulnerable by conditions of migration, civil conflict, and other forms of individual and structural vulnerability.

Prevalence and Health Impact of Intimate Partner Violence and Non-partner Sexual Violence Among Female Adolescents Aged 15-19 Years in Vulnerable Urban Environments: A Multi-Country Study.

Purpose: Globally, adolescent women are at risk for gender-based violence (GBV) including sexual violence and intimate partner violence (IPV). Those in economically distressed settings are considered uniquely vulnerable.

Methods: Female adolescents aged 15-19 from Baltimore, Maryland, USA; New Delhi, India; Ibadan, Nigeria; Johannesburg, South Africa; and Shanghai, China (n = 1,112) were recruited via respondent-driven sampling to participate in a cross-sectional survey.

[Situation of domestic violence and health outcomes among married migrant women at reproductive age].

Objective: To examine the association between domestic violence and mental/general health status among married migrant women at reproductive age.

Methods: A total of 958 eligible married migrant women of reproductive age who were selected through community-based multiple-stage sampling method in one urban district in Shanghai and interviewed in April and May 2010. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and unconditional logistic regression model were used for data analysis.

Induced abortion and breast cancer: results from a population-based case control study in China.

Aim: To determine whether induced abortion (IA) increases breast cancer (BC) risk.

Materials And Methods: A population-based case-control study was performed from Dec, 2000 to November, 2004 in Shanghai, China, where IA could be verified through the family planning network and client medical records. Structured questionnaires were completed by 1,517 cases with primary invasive epithelial breast cancer and 1,573 controls frequency- matched to cases for age group.

An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Recruitment Patterns on RDS Estimates among a Socially Ordered Population of Female Sex Workers in China.

Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a method for recruiting "hidden" populations through a network-based, chain and peer referral process. RDS recruits hidden populations more effectively than other sampling methods and promises to generate unbiased estimates of their characteristics. RDS's faithful representation of hidden populations relies on the validity of core assumptions regarding the unobserved referral process.

Do Biochemical Markers and Apa I Polymorphism in IGF-II Gene Play a Role in the Association of Birth Weight and Later BMI?

Background: The aim of the study was to explore the mechanisms underlying the association of birth weight with later body mass index (BMI) from the biochemical markers related to metabolism and the Apa I polymorphism in IGF-II gene.

Methods: A total of 300 children were selected randomly from the Macrosomia Birth Cohort in Wuxi, China. The height and weight were measured and blood samples were collected.

The effect of high birth weight on overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence. A cohort study in China.

Objectives: To determine the association of high birth weight (HBW) with the risk of obesity in childhood and adolescence. We also aimed to explore the interactions of HBW with physical activity and dietary habits.

Methods: In a birth cohort born in 1993, 1994, and 1995 in Wuxi, China, subjects with a birth weight (BW) of >/=4000 g were selected as the exposed group.

Serum bisphenol-A concentration and sex hormone levels in men.

Objective: To evaluate the association between serum bisphenol-A (BPA) concentration and sex hormone levels in men.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Not applicable.

[The influence of smoking on the routine parameters of semen quality].

Objective: To explore the effect and heaviness of smoking on the routine parameters of semen quality.

Methods: A total of 727 eligible subjects including 421 smokers and 306 nonsmokers were selected in 2004 - 2006 in Hebei, Shanxi, Guizhou, Zhejiang and Shandong provinces. Data on background information, general demographic characteristics, exposure to smoking and related confounding factors were obtained through a questionnaire survey.

[The influence of high birth weight on the blood pressure during childhood - a cohort study].

Objective: To explore the effects of high birth weight (HBW) on blood pressure (BP) during childhood.

Methods: A total of 1435 couples with high or normal birth weight were selected from a birth cohort who were born between 1993 and 1995 in Wuxi, China and, followed between 2005 and 2007. A questionnaire survey was conducted, with their height, weight and blood pressure measured.

[Investigation and study on influencing factors of overweight and obesity of children aged 10 to 14 in Wuxi].

Objective: To learn the prevalence of overweight and obesity of children aged 10 to 14 in Wuxi and to analyze its potential influencing factors.

Methods: With a stratified cluster random sampling method, 2870 children aged 10 to 14 in three districts of Wuxi were surveyed by means of questionnaire and physical examination.

Results: The incidence of overweight was 11.