Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Carrying circ_0000075 Relieves Cerebral Ischemic Injury by Competitively Inhibiting miR-218-5p and Up-regulating E3 Ubiquitin Ligase SMURF2.

Extracellular vesicle (EV)-encapsulated circRNAs have the potential role in affecting brain disorders. However, the role of circ_0000075 in cerebral ischemic injury remains unclear. Here, we tried to investigate the mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived EVs carrying circ_0000075 in the control of cerebral ischemic injury.

Induction of cancer cell stemness in glioma through glycolysis and the long noncoding RNA HULC-activated FOXM1/AGR2/HIF-1α axis.

Gliomas are the most common primary intracranial tumor, accounting for more than 70% of brain malignancies. Studies indicate that highly upregulated in liver cancer (HULC), a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), functions as an oncogene in gliomas. However, the underlying mechanism of HULC in gliomas remains under-studied and was subsequently investigated in the current study.

Investigation of Altered Spontaneous Brain Activities in Patients With Moyamoya Disease Using Percent Amplitude of Fluctuation Method: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic progressive cerebrovascular abnormality characterized by chronic occlusion of large intracranial vessels with smoky vascular development at the base of the skull. In patients with MMD, abnormal spontaneous brain activity would be expected. To assess the brain activity changes in patients with MMD by resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), using the percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF) analysis method.

Altered Resting State Functional Activity of Brain Regions in Neovascular Glaucoma: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a serious eye disease that causes irreversible damage to the eye. It can significantly increase intraocular pressure and cause severe pain, as well as abnormal activity in the cortical and pre-cortical visual systems. However, there are few studies in this area.

Erratum: MicroRNA-181 inhibits the proliferation, drug sensitivity and invasion of human glioma cells by targeting Selenoprotein K (SELK).

[This corrects the article on p. 6632 in vol. 11, PMID: 31737213.

Extracellular vesicles derived from M2 microglia reduce ischemic brain injury through microRNA-135a-5p/TXNIP/NLRP3 axis.

Accumulating evidences have suggested that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial players in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury. This study was designed to explore the specific functions of M2 phenotype microglia-derived EVs in ischemic brain injury progression. The expression of microRNA-135a-5p (miR-135a-5p) in M2 microglia-derived EVs was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), followed by the identification of expression relationship among miR-135a-5p, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), and nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) by dual luciferase reporter gene assay.

Inhibition of miR-1193 leads to synthetic lethality in glioblastoma multiforme cells deficient of DNA-PKcs.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor and has the highest mortality rate among cancers and high resistance to radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Although some targeted therapies can partially inhibit oncogenic mutation-driven proliferation of GBM cells, therapies harnessing synthetic lethality are 'coincidental' treatments with high effectiveness in cancers with gene mutations, such as GBM, which frequently exhibits DNA-PKcs mutation. By implementing a highly efficient high-throughput screening (HTS) platform using an in-house-constructed genome-wide human microRNA inhibitor library, we demonstrated that miR-1193 inhibition sensitized GBM tumor cells with DNA-PKcs deficiency.

The important role of connexin 43 in subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm.

Background: Gap junctions are involved in the development of cerebral vasospasm (CVS) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the specific roles and regulatory functions of related connexin isoforms remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of connexin 43 (Cx43) in CVS and determine whether Cx43 alterations are modulated via the protein kinase C (PKC) signaling transduction pathway.

Preservation of Hypothalamic Function with Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of Hypothalamus-Invaded Craniopharyngiomas.

Objective: To analyze the preservation of hypothalamic function using the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) in a single-center clinical series of patients with hypothalamus-invaded craniopharyngioma (CP) and compare this series with reported cases by the open transcranial approach (TCA).

Methods: A retrospective review of hypothalamus-invaded CP surgical cases treated with EEA was performed. Hypothalamic damage was evaluated in terms of the body mass index (BMI), endocrine status, and quality of life before and after surgery.

Down-regulated microRNA-30b-3p inhibits proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma cells via inactivation of the AKT signaling pathway by up-regulating RECK.

microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to affect various cancers, and expression of numerous miRNAs is revealed in glioma. However, the role of microRNA-30b-3p (miR-30b-3p) in glioma remains elusive. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the specific mechanism by which miR-30b-3p influence the development of glioma in relation to the AKT signaling pathway.

Clinical features and operative technique of transinfundibular craniopharyngioma.

Objective: Transinfundibular craniopharyngioma (TC) is one of the 4 subtypes of suprasellar craniopharyngioma. In this study, the authors analyzed the clinical features of and operative technique for TC.

Methods: A total of 95 consecutive cases of suprasellar craniopharyngioma that had been resected via the endoscopic expanded endonasal approach were retrospectively reviewed.

A novel endoscopic classification for craniopharyngioma based on its origin.

Endoscopic endonasal approach for craniopharyngioma (CP) resection provides a wide view and direct observation of hypothalamus and origin of tumor. Under endoscopy, 92 CPs were classified into 2 types: Peripheral and Central, according to its relation to pituitary stalk. Peripheral type was further divided into 3 subtypes: Hypothalamic stalk, Suprasellar stalk and Intrasellar stalk CP, according to the different origin site along hypothalamus-pituitary axis.

Simple and efficient rat model for studying delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a late phase of consequences of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) that causes poor outcome and has become the focus of current research. The aim of this study was to characterize an experimental SAH technique for studying DCI after SAH.

New Method: A double injection SAH rat model with a tiny incision was introduced.

Endoscopic Endonasal Clipping of Anterior Circulation Aneurysm: Surgical Techniques and Results.

Background: Endoscopic endonasal clipping of intracranial aneurysms may use microsurgical techniques as an alternative to the transcranial approach. Here we report a series of patients who underwent microsurgical clipping of anterior circulation aneurysms via an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA).

Methods: This retrospective chart review included all the patients who underwent standard binostril EEA for aneurysm clipping.

[Surgical management of petroclival meningiomas invading into cavernous sinus].

Objective: To analyze the clinical features, surgical strategy and management outcomes of petroclival meningioma invading into cavernous sinus.

Methods: Fifteen cases with petroclival meningioma invading into cavernous sinus were retrospectively analyzed. The presigmoidal approach was selected to remove tumors.