Risk factors and clinical prediction models for low-level viremia in people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy: an 11-year retrospective study.

Objective: This study explores the risk factors for low-level viremia (LLV) occurrence after ART and develops a risk prediction model.

Method: Clinical data and laboratory indicators of people living with HIV (PLWH) at Hangzhou Xixi Hospital from 5 April 2011 to 29 December 2022 were collected. LASSO Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to identify laboratory indicators and establish a nomogram for predicting LLV occurrence.

Sialic acid-modified der p 2 allergen exerts immunomodulatory effects on human PBMCs.

Background: House dust mite extract-based allergen immunotherapy (AIT) to treat house dust mite allergy is substantially effective but still presents some safety and efficacy concerns that warrant improvement. Several major allergen-based approaches to increase safety and efficacy of AIT have been proposed. One of them is the use of the group 2 allergen, Der p 2.

Development and Evaluation of a Nomogram for Predicting the Outcome of Immune Reconstitution Among HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in China.

This study aims to develop and evaluate a model to predict the immune reconstitution among HIV/AIDS patients after antiretroviral therapy (ART). A total of 502 HIV/AIDS patients are randomized to the training cohort and evaluation cohort. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis are performed to identify the indicators and establish the nomogram for predicting the immune reconstitution.

Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events Following Antiretroviral Therapy in People Living with HIV: A Real-World Study of Dynamic Trends and Risk Factors in Hangzhou, China.

Purpose: Neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs) occur frequently in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study aimed to assess the dynamic trends and risk factors of NPAEs among PLWH in Hangzhou taking efavirenz (EFV)- or dolutegravir (DTG)- or elvitegravir (EVG)-based regimens.

Patients And Methods: A total of 287 ART-naive PLWH were included in this study, EFV (400mg)- (n = 122), EFV (600mg)- (n = 37), DTG- (n = 73), EVG-based (n = 47) and other ART regimens (n = 8) as the initial ART regimen were administered for 12 months.

Dynamics of CD4 T-Cells and Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Three Consecutive Doses of Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines in PLWH.

Background: Comprehensive characterization of safety and immune responses to vaccines is crucial for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 among people living with HIV (PLWH). This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 T-cell subsets and neutralizing antibody after three consecutive doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines (BBIBP-CorV) among PLWH.

Methods: The blood samples were collected from 165 PLWH, including 66 PLWH in the 3-month interval between the second and third dose (cohort 1) and 99 PLWH in the 5-month interval (cohort 2).

Extending the dosing interval of COVID-19 vaccination leads to higher rates of seroconversion in people living with HIV.

Introduction: Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is an effective way of protecting individuals from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, immune responses to vaccination vary considerably. This study dynamically assessed the neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses to the third dose of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine administered to people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) with different inoculation intervals.

Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for the Diagnosis of Suspected Opportunistic Infections in People Living with HIV.

Objective: The diagnosis of suspected opportunistic infections in HIV patients is challenging due to the wide range of potential causes. This study used mNGS to analyse specimens of suspected opportunistic infections in HIV patients from a single centre to explore this method's applicability as a diagnostic tool compared to that of CMTs.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated 46 suspected opportunistic infections in people living with HIV(PLWH) Hospitalized at Hangzhou Xixi hospital from January 2020 to August 2021.

Evaluating the performance of fine bubble diffused aeration systems in cylindrical aeration tanks by fuzzy c-means algorithm.

In order to make a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of fine bubble diffused aeration systems in cylindrical aeration tanks, the following parameters are considered: distribution of DO concentration in the horizontal direction of the different water depth of an aeration tank, distribution of DO concentration in the vertical direction of the aeration tank, distribution of DO concentration in all the points of the aeration tank and ratio of total mass increment of DO in the aeration tank to total mass of oxygen in aeration air. The aeration characteristic criterion (ACC) is proposed to synthesize these parameters, and weighted sums of the similarity degrees derived from the extensions of fuzzy c-means (FCM) are used to construct ACC. The results show that compared with total volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (Kα) and specific standard oxygen transfer efficiency (SSOTE), ACC is demonstrated to be more marked and sensitive for the performance evaluation of the fine bubble diffused aeration systems equipped with fine-pore aeration tubes.

[A prospective multi-center clinical investigation of HIV-negative pulmonary cryptococcosis in China].

To investigate the current status of the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary cryptococcosis in respiratory medicine and improve the understanding of the clinical characteristics of HIV-negative pulmonary cryptococcosis in China. A prospective multi-center open cohort study was designed to screen for pulmonary cryptococcosis in the general wards and intensive care units of the Department of Respiratory Diseases in 22 hospitals. The HIV-negative patients with positive cryptococcal etiological diagnosis based on smear culture, antigen detection and histopathology were enrolled in the study.

Mobile-surface bubbles and droplets coalesce faster but bounce stronger.

Enhancing the hydrodynamic interfacial mobility of bubbles and droplets in multiphase systems is expected to reduce the characteristic coalescence times and thereby affect the stability of gas or liquid emulsions that are of wide industrial and biological importance. However, by comparing the controlled collision of bubbles or water droplets with mobile or immobile liquid interfaces, in a pure fluorocarbon liquid, we demonstrate that collisions involving mobile surfaces result in a significantly stronger series of rebounds before the rapid coalescence event. The stronger rebound is explained by the lower viscous dissipation during collisions involving mobile surfaces.

The air entrapment under a drop impacting on a nano-rough surface.

We study the impact of drops onto a flat surface with a nano-particle-based superhydrophobic coating, focusing on the earliest contact using 200 ns time-resolution. A central air-disc is entrapped when the drop impacts the surface, and when the roughness is appropriately accounted for, the height and radial extent of the air-disc follow the scaling laws established for impacts onto smooth surfaces. The roughness also modifies the first contact of the drop around the central air-disc, producing a thick band of micro-bubbles.

Coalescence Dynamics of Mobile and Immobile Fluid Interfaces.

Coalescence dynamics between deformable bubbles and droplets can be dramatically affected by the mobility of the interfaces with fully tangentially mobile bubble-liquid or droplet-liquid interfaces expected to accelerate the coalescence by orders of magnitude. However, there is a lack of systematic experimental investigations that quantify this effect. By using high speed camera imaging we examine the free rise and coalescence of small air-bubbles (100 to 1300 μm in diameter) with a liquid interface.

Double Contact During Drop Impact on a Solid Under Reduced Air Pressure.

Drops impacting on solid surfaces entrap small bubbles under their centers, owing to the lubrication pressure which builds up in the thin intervening air layer. We use ultrahigh-speed interference imaging, at 5 Mfps, to investigate how this air layer changes when the ambient air pressure is reduced below atmospheric. Both the radius and the thickness of the air disc become smaller with reduced air pressure.

Tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry using Smartphones and Colored Shadows.

We demonstrate the viability of using four low-cost smartphone cameras to perform Tomographic PIV. We use colored shadows to imprint two or three different time-steps on the same image. The back-lighting is accomplished with three sets of differently-colored pulsed LEDs.

Evaporative Lithography in Open Microfluidic Channel Networks.

We demonstrate a direct capillary-driven method based on wetting and evaporation of various suspensions to fabricate regular two-dimensional wires in an open microfluidic channel through continuous deposition of micro- or nanoparticles under evaporative lithography, akin to the coffee-ring effect. The suspension is gently placed in a loading reservoir connected to the main open microchannel groove on a PDMS substrate. Hydrophilic conditions ensure rapid spreading of the suspension from the loading reservoir to fill the entire channel length.

A "twisted" microfluidic mixer suitable for a wide range of flow rate applications.

This paper proposes a new "twisted" 3D microfluidic mixer fabricated by a laser writing/microfabrication technique. Effective and efficient mixing using the twisted micromixers can be obtained by combining two general chaotic mixing mechanisms: splitting/recombining and chaotic advection. The lamination of mixer units provides the splitting and recombination mechanism when the quadrant of circles is arranged in a two-layered serial arrangement of mixing units.

Highly Efficient Thermoresponsive Nanocomposite for Controlled Release Applications.

Highly efficient magnetic release from nanocomposite microparticles is shown, which are made of Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel with embedded iron nanowires. A simple microfluidic technique was adopted to fabricate the microparticles with a high control of the nanowire concentration and in a relatively short time compared to chemical synthesis methods. The thermoresponsive microparticles were used for the remotely triggered release of Rhodamine (B).

N-acetylcysteine protects against liver injure induced by carbon tetrachloride via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Chronic liver injury is an important clinical problem which eventually leads to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and end-stage liver failure. It is well known that cell damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important mechanism of hepatocyte injure. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione (GSH), is well-known role as the antidote to acetaminophen toxicity in clinic.

Depside α-glucosidase inhibitors from a culture of the mushroom Stereum hirsutum.

Nine new isoprenylated depsides, sterenins E-M (1-9), as well as five known compounds (10-14), were isolated from the solid culture of Stereum hirsutum. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Their inhibitory activities against yeast α-glucosidase were evaluated in vitro.

Inverse calculation of biochemical oxygen demand models based on time domain for the tidal Foshan River.

To simulate the variation of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in the tidal Foshan River, inverse calculations based on time domain are applied to the longitudinal dispersion coefficient (E(x)) and BOD decay rate (K(x)) in the BOD model for the tidal Foshan River. The derivatives of the inverse calculation have been respectively established on the basis of different flow directions in the tidal river. The results of this paper indicate that the calculated values of BOD based on the inverse calculation developed for the tidal Foshan River match the measured ones well.

Stabilization of thin liquid films by repulsive van der Waals force.

Using high-speed video recording of bubble rise experiments, we study the stability of thin liquid films trapped between a rising bubble and a surfactant-free liquid-liquid meniscus interface. Using different combinations of nonpolar oils and water that are all immiscible, we investigate the extent to which film stability can be predicted by attractive and repulsive van der Waals (vdW) interactions that are indicated by the relative magnitude of the refractive indices of the liquid combinations, for example, water (refractive index, n = 1.33), perfluorohexane (n = 1.

One-dimensional self-confinement promotes polymorph selection in large-area organic semiconductor thin films.

A crystal's structure has significant impact on its resulting biological, physical, optical and electronic properties. In organic electronics, 6,13(bis-triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene), a small-molecule organic semiconductor, adopts metastable polymorphs possessing significantly faster charge transport than the equilibrium crystal when deposited using the solution-shearing method. Here, we use a combination of high-speed polarized optical microscopy, in situ microbeam grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray-scattering and molecular simulations to understand the mechanism behind formation of metastable TIPS-pentacene polymorphs.