Multi-band vs. conventional diffusion-weighted MRI of the abdomen in children and young adults.

Objectives: Implementation of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for abdominal imaging in children has challenges due to motion artifacts exacerbated by long acquisition times. We aimed to compare acquisition time and image quality between conventional DWI and multi-band (MB) DWI of the liver in children and young adults.

Methods: Clinical MRI exams from May 2023 to January 2024 were reviewed, including four DWI sequences: respiratory-triggered (RTr, clinical standard), free-breathing (FB), MB-DWI with shift factor 1 (MBsf1), and MB-DWI with shift factor 2 (MBsf2).

Implementing a multidisciplinary approach for older adults with multiple sclerosis: Geriatric neurology in practice.

Background: Older adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) face unique challenges arising from age-related changes in MS pathophysiology and overlapping geriatric syndromes. There is a need for geriatrics-focused multidisciplinary care for the rapidly growing older MS population.

Objective: To design and implement a geriatric multidisciplinary clinic for older adults with MS.

Normal ovarian sizes on MRI in pediatric patients: a preliminary study.

Background: Ovarian enlargement is one of several findings of pathology, including ovarian torsion. With increasing use of MRI for acute abdominal pain in children, data for normal ovary size and appearance are needed.

Objective: To provide preliminary data on normal sizes of ovaries on MRI in pediatric patients.

Imaging Assessment of Radiation Therapy-Related Normal Tissue Injury in Children: A PENTEC Visionary Statement.

The Pediatric Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (PENTEC) consortium has made significant contributions to understanding and mitigating the adverse effects of childhood cancer therapy. This review addresses the role of diagnostic imaging in detecting, screening, and comprehending radiation therapy-related late effects in children, drawing insights from individual organ-specific PENTEC reports. We further explore how the development of imaging biomarkers for key organ systems, alongside technical advancements and translational imaging approaches, may enhance the systematic application of imaging evaluations in childhood cancer survivors.

Imaging and clinical predictors of surgery in stricturing ileal Crohn's disease: a retrospective study from a large pediatric hospital.

Purpose: (1) To determine the frequency of surgical management in children with Crohn's Disease (CD) and a new radiologic ileal stricture, and (2) to identify imaging and clinical features that predict the need for surgery.

Methods: This retrospective study included pediatric patients (< 21 years old) with CD and a new ileal stricture diagnosed by MRE, CTE, or CT between July 2018 and June 2023. Three board-certified radiologists recorded stricture length, maximum mural thickness, minimum lumen diameter, maximum upstream diameter, and simplified magnetic resonance index of activity (sMaRIA) score.

Rapid, free-breathing non-contrast MRI for first-line imaging evaluation of ovarian torsion in the emergency department.

Background: Transabdominal ultrasound (US) is first-line imaging to evaluate ovaries in girls presenting to the emergency department (ED) with suspected ovarian torsion. Ovaries may be difficult to visualize sonographically; therefore, prompt diagnosis using US alone can be challenging. Rapid MRI as first-line imaging may help streamline patient throughput, especially with increasing MRI availability in the ED.

High-resolution ultrasound in the evaluation of musculoskeletal infections.

Soft tissue and osseous musculoskeletal infections are common but can be difficult to diagnose clinically. Signs, symptoms, and physical examination findings may be nonspecific, and laboratory values can be inconclusive. The extent of disease may also be underestimated on physical examination.

Longitudinal evaluation of fentanyl concentrations in equine plasma and synovial fluid following application of transdermal fentanyl patches over one carpal joint.

Objective: To determine if transdermally delivered fentanyl can achieve greater concentrations of fentanyl in synovial fluid when applied over a synovial structure.

Study Design: Randomized, experimental study.

Animals: Six healthy adult horses.

Retrospective analysis of postoperative complications following surgical treatment of ileal impaction in horses managed with manual decompression compared to jejunal enterotomy.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the occurrence of post-operative complications and survival to discharge in horses with ileal impactions resolved by manual decompression compared with jejunal enterotomy.

Animals: A total of 121 client-owned horses undergoing surgical correction of an ileal impaction at three teaching hospitals.

Materials And Methods: Data from the medical records of horses undergoing surgical correction of an ileal impaction was retrospectively collected.

Postoperative sinusitis and pneumonia following exploratory celiotomy for treatment of colic in horses.

Sinusitis and pneumonia following exploratory celiotomy in horses were studied, evaluating associations between these 2 respiratory complications and selected pre-, peri-, and post-operative variables. The incidence of sinusitis was 2.5% (8/318) and pneumonia 3.

Effect of Nasogastric Tube Placement, Manipulation, and Fluid Administration on Transcutaneous Ultrasound Visualization and Assessment of Stomach Position in Healthy Unfed and Fed Horses.

Knowledge of the effects of feeding and nasogastric tube placement and manipulation on gastric ultrasound is limited. Given the variability in duration since feeding and the ubiquitous use of nasogastric tubes in horses with colic, the interpretation of gastric ultrasound in horses with colic requires an understanding of these effects. Cranial to caudal and dorsal to ventral ultrasonographic dimensions of the stomach were obtained in 10 unfed horses and five fed horses, before and after nasogastric tube placement, after checking for reflux and after administration of 6 L of water in unfed horses.

Pitfalls in the interpretation of pediatric head CTs: what the emergency radiologist needs to know.

Pediatric radiology studies can be some of the most anxiety-inducing imaging examinations encountered in practice. This can be in part due to the wide range of normal anatomic appearances inherent to the pediatric population that create potential interpretive pitfalls for radiologists. The pediatric head is no exception; for instance, the inherent greater water content within the neonatal brain compared to older patients could easily be mistaken for cerebral edema, and anatomic variant calvarial sutures can be mistaken for skull fractures.

Prenatal Evaluation of Intracranial Hemorrhage on Fetal MRI: A Retrospective Review.

Background And Purpose: The evaluation and characterization of germinal matrix hemorrhages have been predominantly described on postnatal head sonography in premature neonates. However, germinal matrix hemorrhages that are seen in premature neonates can be also seen in fetuses of the same postconceptual age and are now more frequently encountered in the era of fetal MR imaging. Our aim was to examine and describe the MR imaging findings of fetuses with intracranial hemorrhage.

The effect of xylazine on intracranial pressure in anesthetized and standing horses.

Objective: To determine the effect of xylazine on intracranial pressure (ICP) in standing compared to isoflurane-anesthetized horses.

Design: Prospective, crossover study design.

Setting: University Teaching Hospital.

Evaluation of transpalpebral ultrasonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter for indirect assessment of intracranial pressure in anesthetized and standing healthy adult horses.

Objective: To determine whether an association exists between direct intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement and ultrasonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in anesthetized and standing horses.

Design: Cross-sectional study performed on a convenience sample of healthy adult horses.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Current Concepts in Fluid Therapy in Horses.

Despite the frequent inclusion of fluid therapy in the treatment of many conditions in horses, there are limited studies available to provide evidenced-based, species-specific recommendations. Thus, equine fluid therapy is based on the application of physiology and extrapolation from evidence in other veterinary species and human medicine. The physiologic principles that underly the use of fluids in medicine are, at first glance, straightforward and simple to understand.

Clinical and biochemical factors associated with survival in equids attacked by dogs: 28 cases (2008-2016).

Background: Trauma from dog attacks has been associated with mortality rates as high as 23% in some species. However, the prognosis and clinical features of this type of injury have not been described in equids.

Hypotheses/objectives: To describe survival rate, signalment, clinical features, and biochemical results in equids presented for emergency care after presumed dog attacks.

A molecular-genetic and imaging-genetic approach to specific comprehension difficulties in children.

Children with poor reading comprehension despite typical word reading skills were examined using neuropsychological, genetic, and neuroimaging data collected from the Genes, Reading and Dyslexia Study of 1432 Hispanic American and African American children. This unexpected poor comprehension was associated with profound deficits in vocabulary, when compared to children with comprehension skills consistent with their word reading. Those with specific comprehension difficulties were also more likely to have RU2Short alleles of READ1 regulatory variants of , strongly associated with reading and language difficulties.

Investigation of effects of omeprazole on the fecal and gastric microbiota of healthy adult horses.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of oral omeprazole administration on the fecal and gastric microbiota of healthy adult horses. ANIMALS 12 healthy adult research horses. PROCEDURES Horses were randomly assigned to receive omeprazole paste (4 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) or a sham (control) treatment (tap water [20 mL, PO, q 24 h]) for 28 days.

Implementing a Trauma-Informed Public Health System in San Francisco, California.

Background: Trauma is a ubiquitous and harmful public health concern. Much like individuals, organizations experience trauma and can embed it within their culture. Left unaddressed, trauma inhibits staff from confronting problems, communicating effectively, and generating solutions, factors that undermine organizational functioning.