Urothelial carcinoma in situ with "early papillary formation" vs "lateral spread/shoulder lesion" of prior high-grade noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma: A survey of pathologist and urologist interpretations.

Objectives: Urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) with early papillary formation is terminology sometimes used to suggest incipient high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (PUC) but may lead to confusion between true CIS and lateral flat spread of PUC.

Methods: It remains unclear how pathologists and urologists interpret this scenario, so a survey was circulated to 68 pathologists (group 1 = 28 academic genitourinary pathologists; group 2 = 17 pathologists with a self-reported genitourinary focus; group 3 = 23 pathologists self-reported as not genitourinary specialists) and 32 urologists.

Results: Regarding atypical urothelial lesions that appear mainly flat but contain possible papillae, group 3 was more likely to label this as CIS compared with groups 1 and 2 (35% for group 3 vs 13% for groups 1 and 2), while groups 1 and 2 more often adopted another descriptive diagnosis, such as "CIS with early papillary features" (38% for groups 1 and 2 vs 13% for group 3).

Origin and cross-species transmission of bat coronaviruses in China.

Bats are presumed reservoirs of diverse coronaviruses (CoVs) including progenitors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. However, the evolution and diversification of these coronaviruses remains poorly understood. Here we use a Bayesian statistical framework and a large sequence data set from bat-CoVs (including 589 novel CoV sequences) in China to study their macroevolution, cross-species transmission and dispersal.

Clinical Management Update of Oral Leukoplakia: A Review From the American Head and Neck Society Cancer Prevention Service.

Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) occur in up to 4%-5% of the population, of which oral leukoplakia (OL) is the most common subtype. Predicting high-risk OL remains a challenge. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are thought to be of paramount importance to improve outcomes.

Recommendations for Research to Develop a Patient-Centered Clinical Follow-Up Protocol for Oral Epithelial Dysplasia.

Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is the primary histological marker for assessing the progression of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) to cancer. Despite challenges in grading and low inter-pathologist reproducibility, OED severity remains the key predictor of malignant transformation. However, globally accepted guidelines for OED monitoring are lacking, despite calls for individualized management based on host and lesion characteristics.

Serotonin acts through multiple cellular targets during an olfactory critical period.

Serotonin (5-HT) modulates early development during critical periods when experience drives heightened levels of plasticity in neurons. Here, we investigate the cellular mechanisms by which 5-HT modulates critical period plasticity (CPP) in the olfactory system of . We first demonstrate that 5-HT is necessary for experience-dependent structural plasticity in response to chronic CO exposure and can re-open the critical period long after it normally closes.

Chyme reinfusion therapy in adults with severe acute intestinal failure: A descriptive cohort study.

Background: Chyme reinfusion therapy treats patients with high-output fistulas or stomas by returning chyme to the distal gut. The role of this treatment in severe acute intestinal failure is currently unclear. The primary outcome of this study was a successful establishment of chyme reinfusion therapy, defined by the ability to replace parenteral nutrition for nutrition support.

An update on the role of focused ultrasound in neuro-oncology.

Purpose Of Review: Brain tumor treatment presents challenges for patients and clinicians, with prognosis for many of the most common brain tumors being poor. Focused ultrasound (FUS) can be deployed in several ways to circumvent these challenges, including the need to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and spare healthy brain tissue. This article reviews current FUS applications within neuro-oncology, emphasizing ongoing or recently completed clinical trials.

Immunomodulatory Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease.

Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, manifested clinically as myocardial infarction (and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Presently, there exists a notable scarcity of efficient interventions to restore cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Cumulative evidence suggests that impaired tissue immunity within the ischemic microenvironment aggravates cardiac dysfunction, contributing to progressive heart failure.

Taste alterations after hematopoietic cell transplantation: a scoping review.

Purpose: This review aimed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of dysgeusia after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).

Methods: A literature search (in PubMed, Embase.com and Web of Science) for clinical studies evaluating taste before and after HCT was performed up to June 22, 2023, in collaboration with a medical information specialist.

ADHD and cognitive disengagement syndrome symptoms related to self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in early adolescents.

The current study examined attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) dimensions and cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) symptoms in relation to self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) in an early adolescent sample. Participants were 341 adolescents ages 10-12 years (52.2% female; 37.

Phylodynamics of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in Bangladesh identifying domestic ducks as the amplifying host reservoir.

High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus H5N1 first emerged in Bangladesh in 2007. Despite the use of vaccines in chickens since 2012 to control HPAI, HPAI H5Nx viruses have continued to infect poultry, and wild birds, resulting in notable mass mortalities in house crows (). The first HPAI H5Nx viruses in Bangladesh belonged to clade 2.

Unveiling the Hidden Links: Periodontal Disease, Fusobacterium Nucleatum, and Cancers.

Purpose Of Review: Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), an anaerobic, gram-negative microbe, commonly found in human dental biofilm and the gut flora. It has long been known to have a higher concentration in periodontal disease and has recently been implicated in both oral and distant cancers such as colorectal, gastrointestinal, esophageal, breast, pancreatic hepatocellular, and genitourinary cancers.

Neoadjuvant Cisplatin, Gemcitabine, and Docetaxel in Sarcomatoid Bladder Cancer: Clinical Activity and Whole Transcriptome Analysis.

Background: Sarcomatoid urothelial cancer of the bladder (SBC) is a rare, but aggressive histological subtype for which novel treatments are needed.

Objective: We evaluated the clinical activity and safety of neoadjuvant cisplatin plus gemcitabine plus docetaxel (CGD) in muscle-invasive patients with SBC and assessed SBC tumor biology by whole transcriptome RNA sequencing.

Methods: A single-institution, retrospective analysis of muscle-invasive SBC patients treated with neoadjuvant CGD with molecular analysis.

The Flare-OA-16 questionnaire measuring flare in knee and hip osteoarthritis in the patient perspective: scale reduction and validation using a Rasch model.

Objectives: The recent Flare-OA questionnaire measuring flare in knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) (19 items in 5 domains, numerical rating scale) showed good psychometric properties along with classical test theory. This study aimed to determine its scaling properties by Rasch analysis and to present evidence for a refined scalable version.

Study Design And Setting: The participants were 398 subjects (mean age 64 years [standard deviation = 8.

Building a composite score for patient self-report of flare in osteoarthritis: a comparison of methods with the Flare-OA-16 questionnaire.

Objectives: This study aims to compare methods of constructing a composite score for the Flare-OA-16 self-reported questionnaire.

Methods: Participants with knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) completed a validated 16-item questionnaire assessing five domains of flare. Three estimation methods were compared: (i) second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA); (ii) logistic regression, according to the participant's self-report of flare (yes/no); and (iii) Rasch method, with weighted scores in each dimension.