and diclofenac: understanding the potential risks of this association.

In many homes worldwide, dogs are considered part of the family. Every possible care is given to animals, including drug treatments. However, many animal guardians, in an attempt to minimize pain or improve the quality of life of their dogs, provide drugs without a veterinarian's prescription.

Association of the humoral immune response with the inflammatory profile in Plasmodium vivax infections in pregnant women.

Background: Plasmodium vivax infection, when it occurs during pregnancy, has often been associated with serious adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, immunological alterations in pregnancy and their consequences have been little explored. We characterized the humoral immune response in pregnant women exposed to malaria by P.

Lisinopril increases lung ACE2 levels and SARS-CoV-2 viral load and decreases inflammation but not disease severity in experimental COVID-19.

COVID-19 causes more severe and frequently fatal disease in patients with pre-existing comorbidities such as hypertension and heart disease. SARS-CoV-2 virus enters host cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is fundamental in maintaining arterial pressure through the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Hypertensive patients commonly use medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), which can modulate the expression of ACE2 and, therefore, potentially impact the susceptibility and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The influence of high glucose conditions on macrophages and its effect on the autophagy pathway.

Introduction: Macrophages are central cells in mediating the inflammatory response.

Objective And Methods: We evaluated the effect of high glucose conditions on the inflammatory profile and the autophagy pathway in Bone-Marrow Derived Macrophages (BMDM) from diabetic (D-BMDM) (alloxan: 60mg/kg, i.v.

Virulence Profiles of Wild-Type, P.1 and Delta SARS-CoV-2 Variants in K18-hACE2 Transgenic Mice.

Since December 2019, the world has been experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and we now face the emergence of several variants. We aimed to assess the differences between the wild-type (Wt) (Wuhan) strain and the P.1 (Gamma) and Delta variants using infected K18-hACE2 mice.

Using an Aluminum Hydroxide-Chitosan Matrix Increased the Vaccine Potential and Immune Response of Mice against Multi-Drug-Resistant .

is a Gram-negative, immobile, aerobic nosocomial opportunistic coccobacillus that causes pneumonia, septicemia, and urinary tract infections in immunosuppressed patients. There are no commercially available alternative antimicrobials, and multi-drug resistance is an urgent concern that requires emergency measures and new therapeutic strategies. This study evaluated a multi-drug-resistant whole-cell vaccine, inactivated and adsorbed on an aluminum hydroxide-chitosan (mAhC) matrix, in an sepsis model in immunosuppressed mice by cyclophosphamide (CY).

Genetic diversity of isolates from pregnant women in the Western Brazilian Amazon: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Each year, 92 million pregnant women are at risk of contracting malaria during pregnancy, with the underestimation of the mortality and morbidity burden associated with . During pregnancy, infection is associated with low birth weight, maternal anaemia, premature delivery, and stillbirth. In the State of Acre (Brazil), high transmission leaves pregnant women at greater risk of contracting malaria and having a greater number of recurrences.

Neglected tropical diseases and systemic racism especially in Brazil: from socio-economic aspects to the development of new drugs.

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are highly prevalent communicable diseases in tropical and subtropical countries, generally not economically attractive for drug development and related to poverty. In Brazil, more specifically, socioeconomic inequalities and health indicators are strongly influenced by skin color, race, and ethnicity, due to the historical process of slavery. In this context, it is important to understand the concept of systemic racism: a form of indirect racial discrimination present in many institutions, which determines the process of illness and death of the black population, the ethnic group most affected by these diseases.

Homeostasis Maintenance in -Infected Placentas: Is There a Role for Placental Autophagy During Malaria in Pregnancy?

Malaria represents a significant public health burden to populations living in developing countries. The disease takes a relevant toll on pregnant women, who are more prone to developing severe clinical manifestations. Inflammation triggered in response to sequestration inside the placenta leads to physiological and structural changes in the organ, reflecting locally disrupted homeostasis.

Experimental Models to Study the Pathogenesis of Malaria-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) is increasingly gaining recognition as a severe malaria complication because of poor prognostic outcomes, high lethality rate, and limited therapeutic interventions. Unfortunately, invasive clinical studies are challenging to conduct and yields insufficient mechanistic insights. These limitations have led to the development of suitable MA-ARDS experimental mouse models.

Blockade of caspase cascade overcomes malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice.

Malaria is an enormous burden on global health that caused 409,000 deaths in 2019. Severe malaria can manifest in the lungs, an illness known as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Not much is known about the development of malaria-associated ARDS (MA-ARDS), especially regarding cell death in the lungs.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with Plasmodium vivax malaria in a prospective cohort of women from the Brazilian Amazon.

Background: Malaria in Brazil represents one of the highest percentages of Latin America cases, where approximately 84% of infections are attributed to Plasmodium (P.) vivax. Despite the high incidence, many aspects of gestational malaria resulting from P.

Perillyl alcohol reduces parasite sequestration and cerebrovascular dysfunction during experimental cerebral malaria.

Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe immunovasculopathy which presents high mortality rate (15-20%), despite the availability of artemisinin-based therapy. More effective immunomodulatory and/or antiparasitic therapies are urgently needed. Experimental Cerebral Malaria (ECM) in mice is used to elucidate aspects involved in this pathology since manifests many of the neurological features of CM.

Lung aeration in experimental malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome by SPECT/CT analysis.

Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an inflammatory disease causing alveolar-pulmonary barrier lesion and increased vascular permeability characterized by severe hypoxemia. Computed tomography (CT), among other imaging techniques, allows the morphological and quantitative identification of lung lesions during ARDS. This study aims to identify the onset of malaria-associated ARDS development in an experimental model by imaging diagnosis.

Inflammasome activation and IL-1 signaling during placental malaria induce poor pregnancy outcomes.

Placental malaria (PM) is associated with severe inflammation leading to abortion, preterm delivery, and intrauterine growth restriction. Innate immunity responses play critical roles, but the mechanisms underlying placental immunopathology are still unclear. Here, we investigated the role of inflammasome activation in PM by scrutinizing human placenta samples from an endemic area and ablating inflammasome components in a PM mouse model.

Endothelial Protein C Receptor Could Contribute to Experimental Malaria-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

The severity of malaria is associated with parasite cytoadherence, but there is limited knowledge about the effect of parasite cytoadherence in malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Our objective was to evaluate the cytoadherence of infected red blood cells (iRBCs) in a murine model of ARDS and to appraise a potential function of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) in ARDS pathogenesis. DBA/2 mice infected with ANKA were classified as ARDS- or hyperparasitemia- (HP-) developing mice according to respiratory parameters and parasitemia.

Plasmodium falciparum infection dysregulates placental autophagy.

Plasmodium (P.) falciparum malaria during pregnancy has been frequently associated with severe consequences such as maternal anemia, abortion, premature birth, and reduced birth weight. Placental damage promotes disruption of the local homeostasis; though, the mechanisms underlying these events are still to be elucidated.

Contribution of Murine Models to the Study of Malaria During Pregnancy.

Annually, many pregnancies occur in areas of spp. transmission, particularly in underdeveloped countries with widespread poverty. Estimations have suggested that several million women are at risk of developing malaria during pregnancy.

IL-1α promotes liver inflammation and necrosis during blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi malaria.

Malaria causes hepatic inflammation and damage, which contribute to disease severity. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1α is released by non-hematopoietic or hematopoietic cells during liver injury. This study established the role of IL-1α in the liver pathology caused by blood-stage P.

Association of Malaria Infection During Pregnancy With Head Circumference of Newborns in the Brazilian Amazon.

Importance: Malaria during pregnancy is associated with adverse events for the fetus and newborn, but the association of malaria during pregnancy with the head circumference of the newborn is unclear.

Objective: To investigate the association of malaria during pregnancy with fetal head growth.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Two cohort studies were conducted at the general maternity hospital of Cruzeiro do Sul (Acre, Brazil) in the Amazonian region.

Fetal-Derived MyD88 Signaling Contributes to Poor Pregnancy Outcomes During Gestational Malaria.

Placental malaria (PM) remains a severe public health problem in areas of high malaria transmission. Despite the efforts to prevent infection poor outcomes in endemic areas, there is still a considerable number of preterm births and newborns with low birth weight resulting from PM. Although local inflammation triggered in response to malaria is considered crucial in inducing placental damage, little is known about the differential influence of maternal and fetal immune responses to the disease progression.

MyD88 activation in cardiomyocytes contributes to the heart immune response to acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection with no effect on local parasite control.

Cardiomyopathy is the most serious consequence of Chagas disease, a neglected human disorder caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Because T. cruzi parasites invade cardiomyocytes, we sought to investigate whether these cells recognize the parasite in vivo by receptors signaling through the MyD88 adaptor, which mediates the activation pathway of most Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and IL-1/IL-18 receptors, and influence the development of acute cardiac pathology.

Malaria during pregnancy and newborn outcome in an unstable transmission area in Brazil: A population-based record linkage study.

Background: Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in tropical regions, causing maternal anemia, intrauterine growth retardation, preterm birth, and low birth weight (LBW). The integration of the information systems on pregnancy and malaria could prove to be a useful method of improved decision making for better maternal-child health.

Methods: A population-based observational study acquired information retrospectively from all live births that occurred between 2006 and 2014 in Cruzeiro do Sul (Acre, Brazil).