Effects of music therapy as an alternative treatment on depression in children and adolescents with ADHD by activating serotonin and improving stress coping ability.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of music therapy as an alternative treatment on depression in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by activating serotonin (5-HT) and improving stress coping ability.

Methods: This study is designed based on randomization method. A total of 36 subjects participated in the experiment, consisting of an ADHD control group (n = 18) and ADHD music therapy group (n = 18).

Coffee intake may promote sudomotor function activation the contribution of caffeine.

Objectives: To determine whether drinking coffee with caffeine accelerates the sympathetic response to acetylcholine (ACh).

Methods: Tests were performed twice at 1-week intervals following the intake of coffee. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: Group A was administered 16 fluid oz of water (CON), while Group B was given 16 fluid oz of coffee (Coffee).

Effects of caffeine ingestion and thermotherapy on blood orexin circulation in humans.

Caffeine and orexin can affect awakening, neuroendocrine, and sympathetic nerve function. Our previous study has reported that caffeine intake can increase human body temperature. However, little is known about the combined effects of thermotherapy and caffeine intake on human serum orexin concentrations.