Association Between Fatty Liver Index and Incidence of Cataract Surgery in Individuals Aged 50 Years and Older Based on the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS) Data: Longitudinal Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Cataract is a leading cause of vision impairment. Obesity-related risk factors, including insulin resistance, increase the risk of cataract. The fatty liver index (FLI) is a biomarker for noninvasive fat layer prediction of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Changes in the outer nuclear layer and choroidal vascularity during the manifest and quiescent phases of acute central serous chorioretinopathy.

To investigate alteration of outer nuclear layer (ONL) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in different status of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). A retrospective review of 65 CSC eyes with subretinal fluid (manifest CSC) and 40 control eyes was conducted in a single tertiary university hospital. Differences in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ONL, and CVI were compared.

Ischemic and Inflammatory Ocular Adverse Events Following Different Types of Vaccination for COVID-19 and Their Incidence Analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the ocular adverse event (OAE) and the incidence rate that can occur after the COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods: Patients who visited with an ophthalmologic diagnosis within a month of COVID-19 vaccination were retrospectively analyzed. OAEs were categorized as ischemia and inflammation by their presumed pathogenesis and were compared by types of vaccine: messenger RNA (mRNA) and viral vector vaccine.

CHOROIDAL VASCULARITY AND VISUAL OUTCOMES IN MACULA-OFF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT.

Purpose: To investigate the association between visual outcomes and choroidal changes in patients with macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed 63 eyes of patients with macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who underwent vitrectomy. Their fellow eyes were analyzed as a control group.

Outer nuclear layer recovery as a predictor of visual prognosis in type 1 choroidal neovascularization of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

To investigate the changes in outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness during anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment in type 1 choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and its impact on vision. Type 1 CNV eyes (n = 94) were retrospectively compared to normal control eyes (n = 35). Along with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the location of CNV, foveal ONL thickness, and subretinal fluid height were measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and analyzed.

Preliminary Study of Different Treatment Responses between Bevacizumab, Aflibercept and Dexamethasone Implant According to Renal Function in Diabetic Macular Edema Patients.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between responses to intravitreal bevacizumab injection and renal function in diabetic macular edema (DME) patients. Methods: A retrospective study of the medical records of 104 treatment-naïve DME patients who received intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVBI) was conducted. Based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, mL/min/1.

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment induces more severe macular capillary changes than central serous chorioretinopathy.

To investigate hemodynamic changes in macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and its impact on visual prognosis by comparing with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), vascular density in the superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus (DCP) was retrospectively compared with that in contralateral unaffected eyes in macula-off RRD and CSC eyes. In RRD eyes, pre- and postoperative ultra-widefield (UWF) fluorescein angiography (FA) were obtained to analyze vascular changes.

Visual/anatomical outcome of diabetic macular edema patients lost to follow-up for more than 1 year.

To investigate the visual/anatomical outcome of diabetic macular edema (DME) patients lost to follow-up (LTFU) for more than 1 year during intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment. A retrospective review of 182 treatment-naïve DME patients was performed. Among them, we identified patients LTFU for more than 1 year during anti-VEGF treatment.

Analyses of the effects of persistent subretinal fluid on visual/anatomic outcomes according to the type of macular neovascularization during the relaxed treat-and-extend protocol in age-related macular degeneration patients.

Background: To analyze the long-term effects of persistent subretinal fluid (SRF) on visual/anatomic outcomes according to the type of macular neovascularization (MNV) during relaxed treat-and-extend regimen with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients.

Methods: Patients with fovea-involving type 1 or type 2 MNV, treated with a relaxed treat-and-extend regimen for 2 years were retrospectively reviewed. Eyes with SRF observed more than three times per year were defined as the 'persistent SRF (+) group'.

THE NATIONWIDE INCIDENCE OF RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION FOLLOWING DIALYSIS AS A RESULT OF END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE: 2004 Through 2013.

Purpose: To examine the incidence and risk of retinal artery occlusion (RAO) in patients who have undergone dialysis in Korea.

Methods: A nationwide, population-based study using South Korean national health insurance data from 2004 to 2013 was used for analysis. All patients who began dialysis between 2004 and 2013 and the same number of control subjects were selected via propensity score matching.

SYSTEMIC FACTORS AND EARLY TREATMENT RESPONSE TO INTRAVITREAL INJECTION FOR DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA: The Role of Renal Function.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of systemic factors on early treatment response to intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVBI) and intravitreal dexamethasone implant (IVDI) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 117 treatment naïve DME patients who underwent IVBI. We divided the patients according to their IVBI response.

CHOROIDAL INFLAMMATION AND CHORIOCAPILLARIS ISCHEMIA IN FOCAL CHOROIDAL EXCAVATION IN COMPARISON TO PACHYCHOROID NEOVASCULOPATHY.

Purpose: To investigate the choriocapillaris and choroidal characteristics of focal choroidal excavation (FCE) to establish pathomechanisms of the disease.

Methods: Thirty eyes with FCE, 26 eyes with pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV), and 25 participants without any conditions (control group) were analyzed retrospectively. The thickness of both choriocapillaris equivalent and whole choroid was measured at three different points: under the lesion (excavation or neovascularization), in the normal retina, and in the fovea of fellow eye.

Long-Term Progression of Pericentral Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy.

Purpose: To investigate the long-term progression of pericentral hydroxychloroquine retinopathy.

Design: Multicenter, retrospective cohort study.

Participants: Eighty eyes (60 with pericentral pattern) of 41 Korean patients with hydroxychloroquine retinopathy followed up for 2 years or more after drug cessation.

Aflibercept ameliorates retinal pericyte loss and restores perfusion in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

Introduction: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents are used worldwide for advanced-stage diabetic retinopathy (DR). In contrast, apart from blood glucose control, there are no specific treatments that can limit the progression of early-stage DR that starts with pericyte loss and the destruction of the blood-retinal barrier. Here, we examined the efficacy of aflibercept, a potent anti-VEGF agent, against early-DR pathologies in a murine model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DR.

Preliminary study of ultra-widefield peripheral retinal angiographic patterns in children and its association to the perinatal condition.

This preliminary study analyzed the peripheral retinal vascular pattern in children, using ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography, and its association with perinatal conditions. Retrospective review was conducted examining the fluorescein angiographic findings of children with amblyopia (January 2017 to December 2018). We categorized the peripheral vascular patterns into two groups: loop and branching patterns.

Optical coherence tomography angiography findings of type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy, in comparison with type 2 patients.

Purpose: To compare optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) parameters between type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: A total of 70 patients with type 1 diabetes and 70 with type 2 diabetes were retrospectively analyzed. DR was graded as no DR, mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR), moderate NPDR, severe NPDR, and proliferative DR (PDR).

Abnormal choroidal flow on optical coherence tomography angiography in central serous chorioretinopathy.

Importance: Analysing choroidal flow in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) with novel device.

Background: To examine the abnormal morphology of choriocapillary flow with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) according to the presence of subretinal fluid (SRF) in CSC.

Design: A hospital-based retrospective study.

Functional and Structural Outcomes of Temporal Zone II-Sparing Laser Photocoagulation Combined with Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Background/aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the outcomes of temporal Zone II-sparing laser photocoagulation combined with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in patients with Type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Zone I.

Methods: Medical records of 74 eyes of 37 infants were analysed. Only infants with Type 1 ROP in Zone I were included.

ANALYSIS OF THE NORMAL PERIPHERAL RETINAL VASCULAR PATTERN AND ITS CORRELATION WITH MICROVASCULAR ABNORMALITIES USING ULTRA-WIDEFIELD FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY.

Purpose: To describe the retinal peripheral vascular morphology and to elucidate its relationship to microvascular abnormalities in normal fundus using ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography.

Methods: A total of 242 eyes from 167 consecutive patients were categorized into 3 groups: bilateral normal (n = 64), normal with contralateral eye affected with vascular disease (n = 82), and early diabetic eyes (n = 96). Peripheral vascular morphology was described and classified according to the shape.

Hypertension as a risk factor for recurrent subretinal hemorrhage in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between hypertension and recurrent subretinal hemorrhage (SRH) in eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

Design: Retrospective, comparative case series.

Participants: Thirty-eight eyes of 38 patients with PCV.