Research discusses how current global climate models are based on air temperatures but fail to capture the soil temperatures beneath vegetation where many species thrive.
New global maps present soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at 1-km resolution for specific depths, revealing that mean annual soil temperatures can differ significantly from air temperatures by up to 10°C.
The findings indicate that relying on air temperature could misrepresent climate impacts on ecosystems, especially in colder regions, highlighting the need for more precise soil temperature data for ecological studies.
In summer 2018, Europe experienced a record drought, which significantly reduced gross primary productivity (GPP) in ecosystems, with grasslands suffering a -38% decline while forests saw a -10% decline.
Observations revealed that the drought led to greater sensitivity of GPP to environmental factors, with stronger negative effects from summer air temperature and vapor pressure deficit compared to a normal summer in 2016.
The study highlights how higher temperatures and reduced soil water content during the drought severely impacted ecosystem carbon dynamics, indicating a worsening scenario for plant productivity in drought conditions.