Retrospective Diagnosis of a Novel Pathogenic Variant in a Family With Short Stature: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Short stature is a frequent disorder in the pediatric population and can be caused by multiple factors. In the last few years, the introduction of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in the molecular diagnostic workflow led to the discovery of mutations in novel genes causing short stature including heterozygous mutations in gene. It encodes for aggrecan, a primary proteoglycan component specific for the structure of the cartilage growth plate, articular and intervertebral disc.

Linear growth and puberty in childhood obesity: what is new?

Pediatric obesity is a growing and alarming global health problem and represents an important determinant of morbidity. Since nutrition plays an important role in regulating growth and development, the excess weight gain related to overnutrition can affect growth patterns, bone maturation and pubertal development. The purpose of this review was to summarize the current knowledge about the effect of primary obesity on linear growth and pubertal development in children and adolescents.

Supplementation with Bifidobacterium breve BR03 and B632 strains improved insulin sensitivity in children and adolescents with obesity in a cross-over, randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Background & Aims: Variations in gut microbiota might impact metabolism leading to body weight excess. We assessed the impact of a probiotic supplementation in pediatric obesity on weight, metabolic alterations, selected gut microbial groups, and functionality.

Methods: Cross-over, double-blind, randomized control trial (BIFI-OBESE trial; NCT03261466).

Three-Month Feeding Integration With Strains Prevents Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Healthy Newborns.

Infantile functional gastrointestinal disorders are common in the first months of life. Their pathogenesis remains unknown although evidences suggest multiple independent causes, including gut microbiota modifications. Feeding type, influencing the composition of intestinal microbiota, could play a significant role in the pathogenesis.

High-normal estimated glomerular filtration rate and hyperuricemia positively correlate with metabolic impairment in pediatric obese patients.

Background: Childhood obesity represents a major health concern worldwide due to its well established detrimental effect on cardiovascular and its potential negative effect on kidney functions. However, biomarkers that can help diagnose early stages of kidney damage in obese children represent an unmet clinical need.

Objectives: In this study, we asked whether the prevalence of microalbuminuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or hyperuricemia recorded in a wide cohort of obese children and adolescents would positively correlate with cardiometabolic dysfunction in these subjects.

The Association of Bifidobacterium breve BR03 and B632 is Effective to Prevent Colics in Bottle-fed Infants: A Pilot, Controlled, Randomized, and Double-Blind Study.

Goals: To assess the effectiveness of Bifidobacterium breve B632 and BR03 association in the reduction of infants crying over time. The second endpoint was to observe the effect of the same strains on daily evacuations and on the number of regurgitations and vomits.

Background: Infant colics represent a clinical condition in childhood, characterized by an uncontrollable crying that occurs without any apparent organic cause.

Vitamin D Deficiency and Glycemic Status in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Vitamin D (25OHD) effects on glycemic control are unclear in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Aims of this study were to investigate 25OHD status among children with T1DM and its relationship with insulin sensitivity and glycemic status.

Subjects And Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out between 2008-2014.

Influence of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Association between 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Obesity.

Objective: To establish if the correction with estimates of ultraviolet (UV) exposure influences the association between 25-OH-vitamin D (25OHD) levels and metabolic variables.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study was performed in 575 obese children and adolescents (>6 years of age) in a tertiary referral center. Cardiovascular risk factors were measured.

Adiponectin oligomers are similarly distributed in adequate-for-gestational-age obese children irrespective of feeding in their first year.

Background: Nutrition and growth in early postnatal life have a role in future diseases. Our aim was to investigate adiponectin oligomers in adequate-for-gestational-age obese children with respect to type and duration of feeding in the first year of life.

Methods: Adiponectin oligomers and cardiometabolic risk factors were measured in 113 adequate-for-gestational-age obese children, divided into group A (prolonged breast feeding, >6 mo), group B (short breast feeding, 1-6 mo), and group C (formula feeding from birth).

Obesity and infection: two sides of one coin.

The prevalence of obesity has exponentially risen worldwide. The etiology of obesity is multifactorial, and genetic inheritance and behavioral/environmental causes are considered the main etiological factors. Moreover, evidence that specific infections might promote the development of obesity has steadily accumulated.