Simulating the Effects of Partial Neural Conduction Delays in the Visual Evoked Potential.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the double peaks or broadening of P100 observed in some cases of optic neuritis by inducing conduction delays in healthy eyes through stimulus luminance manipulation in analogy to the perceptual Pulfrich effect.

Methods: Checkerboard pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) with check sizes of 0.8 degrees, 0.

[Global ophthalmology : Update].

The aim of global ophthalmology is to maximize vision, ocular health and functional ability, thereby contributing to overall health and well-being, social inclusion and quality of life of every individual worldwide. Currently, an estimated 1.1 billion people live with visual impairment, 90% of which can be prevented or cured through largely cost-effective interventions.

Disability glare and nighttime driving performance among commercial drivers in Ghana.

Objective: Glare caused by the headlights of on-coming vehicles risk safe driving at night. The study aimed to determine the relationship between glare exposure and nighttime driving performance among commercial drivers in Ghana.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved commercial drivers with complaints of nighttime driving difficulties (N = 80; mean age = 41.

Smartphone usage among people living with severe visual impairment and blindness.

Low vision care and rehabilitation is often limited by access to assistive devices, especially in low-resourced countries, due to their high cost and unavailability. Smartphones have the potential to serve as an alternative assistive device for people living with severe visual impairment and blindness (SVIB). This study aims to investigate the use of smartphones among people living with SVIB.

Computed tomography estimation of the prevalence of neuro-ophthalmic injuries in head trauma patients seen in a tertiary health facility in Ghana.

Introduction: Prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is extremely high and potentially associated with severe incapacitating consequences. Literature reports that 90% of road traffic deaths and injuries including TBI occur in low and middle-income countries including Ghana. Computed Tomography (CT) scan is the imaging modality of choice for the initial assessment of the extent of head injury.

Normative Values of Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Thickness and Optic Nerve Head Parameters and Their Association with Visual Function in an African Population.

Purpose: To determine normative values of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFL) and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters and their association with routine clinical tests such as refractive error (RE), stereoacuity (SA), and contrast sensitivity (CS) in an African population.

Methods: In a cross-sectional observational study, 100 normal subjects aged 20 to 78 years were evaluated using the Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 and matched with 200 glaucoma patients.

Results: Average (±SD) RNFL thickness for normal subjects was found to be 102.

Assessing the Progress towards Achieving "VISION 2020: The Right to Sight" Initiative in Ghana.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse eye health delivery in Ghana and examine the progress towards achieving VISION 2020 indicator targets.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2017 and May 2018. It used a mixed method approach including desk-based reviews, a questionnaire-based survey of eye facilities in Ghana, and interviews with eye health system stakeholders to collect information on eye health delivery in facilities owned by the Ghana Health Service (GHS), quasigovernmental bodies (security agencies), and Christian Association of Ghana (CHAG).

The Relationship Between the Photopic Negative Response and Retinal Ganglion Cell Topography.

Purpose: To assess the topographic relationship between the photopic negative response (PhNR) and retinal ganglion cell distribution in healthy individuals.

Method: Data was recorded from 16 healthy participants. The amplitude of PhNRs obtained in response to focal long duration (250 ms) and brief flash (5 ms), red (660 nm) on blue (469 nm) stimuli of increasing size (5° - full field) were measured.

Profile, knowledge, and attitude of contact lens users regarding contact lens wear in Ghana.

Background: Contact lenses are gaining popularity in developing countries as an alternative to spectacles for the correction of refractive errors. It is needful, therefore, to generate information to guide the mode of practice, and assist the industry in developing products for the increasing contact-lenses-user population. The purpose of this study was to identify the demographic profile, as well as the knowledge, attitude to wear and care regimen of wearers of contact lenses in Ghana.

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in a Youthful Clinical Sample in Ghana.

Significance: This study showed a high frequency of nonobvious obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction, which can be detected only via the expression of the meibomian glands. The study advocates that meibomian gland expressibility should be a routine part of the clinical examination of patients especially those with dry eyes to avoid missing meibomian gland dysfunction among a youthful population.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of meibomian gland dysfunction including asymptomatic and symptomatic meibomian gland dysfunction and obvious and nonobvious obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction among a youthful population in Ghana.

Electrophysiological ON and OFF Responses in Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy.

Purpose: To assess the effect of autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA) on ON and OFF retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function by evaluating the ON and OFF components of the photopic negative response (PhNR).

Methods: Twelve participants from six families with OPA1 ADOA and 16 age-matched controls were recruited. Electrophysiological assessment involved pattern ERGs (PERGs), focal (20°) and full-field long-duration (250 ms) flash ERGs using a red light-emitting diode flash on a rod-saturating blue background, and full-field brief (300 μs) xenon flash ERGs using a red filter over a continuous rod saturating blue background.