GlyT2-positive interneurons regulate timing and variability of information transfer in a cerebellar-behavioural loop.

GlyT2-positive interneurons, Golgi and Lugaro cells, reside in the input layer of the cerebellar cortex in a key position to influence information processing. Here, we examine the contribution of GlyT2-positive interneurons to network dynamics in Crus 1 of mouse lateral cerebellar cortex during free whisking. We recorded neuronal population activity using NeuroPixels probes before and after chemogenetic downregulation of GlyT2-positive interneurons in male and female mice.

Positive and negative affect, related mental health traits, and cognitive performance: shared genetic architecture and potential causality.

Altered affect and cognitive dysfunction are transdiagnostic, burdensome, and pervasive features of many psychiatric conditions which remain poorly understood and have few efficacious treatments. Research on the genetic architecture of these phenotypes and causal relationships between them may provide insight into their aetiology and comorbidity. Using data from the Lifelines Cohort Study, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on positive and negative affect and four cognitive domains (working memory, reaction time, visual learning and memory, executive function).

Cerebellar state estimation enables resilient coupling across behavioural domains.

Cerebellar computations are necessary for fine behavioural control and may rely on internal models for estimation of behaviourally relevant states. Here, we propose that the central cerebellar function is to estimate how states interact with each other, and to use these estimates to coordinates extra-cerebellar neuronal dynamics underpinning a range of interconnected behaviours. To support this claim, we describe a cerebellar model for state estimation that includes state interactions, and link this model with the neuronal architecture and dynamics observed empirically.

Accounting for uncertainty: inhibition for neural inference in the cerebellum.

Sensorimotor coordination is thought to rely on cerebellar-based internal models for state estimation, but the underlying neural mechanisms and specific contribution of the cerebellar components is unknown. A central aspect of any inferential process is the representation of uncertainty or conversely precision characterizing the ensuing estimates. Here, we discuss the possible contribution of inhibition to the encoding of precision of neural representations in the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex.

On Markov blankets and hierarchical self-organisation.

Biological self-organisation can be regarded as a process of spontaneous pattern formation; namely, the emergence of structures that distinguish themselves from their environment. This process can occur at nested spatial scales: from the microscopic (e.g.

The emergence of synchrony in networks of mutually inferring neurons.

This paper considers the emergence of a generalised synchrony in ensembles of coupled self-organising systems, such as neurons. We start from the premise that any self-organising system complies with the free energy principle, in virtue of placing an upper bound on its entropy. Crucially, the free energy principle allows one to interpret biological systems as inferring the state of their environment or external milieu.

The Markov blankets of life: autonomy, active inference and the free energy principle.

This work addresses the autonomous organization of biological systems. It does so by considering the boundaries of biological systems, from individual cells to , in terms of the presence of Markov blankets under the active inference scheme-a corollary of the free energy principle. A Markov blanket defines the boundaries of a system in a statistical sense.