Distinct saliva DNA methylation profiles in relation to treatment outcome in youth with posttraumatic stress disorder.

In youth with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) non-response rates after treatment are often high. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation (DNAm) have previously been linked to PTSD pathogenesis, additionally DNAm may affect response to (psychological) therapies. Besides investigating the direct link between DNAm and treatment response, it might be helpful to investigate the link between DNAm and previously associated biological mechanisms with treatment outcome.

Autonomic nervous system function before and after trauma-focused psychotherapy in youth with (partial) posttraumatic stress disorder.

While trauma-focused psychotherapies have been shown effective in youth with PTSD, the relationship between treatment response and alterations in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) associated with PTSD, remains incompletely understood. During neutral and personalized trauma script imagery heart rate (HR), pre-ejection period (PEP) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were recorded in youth aged 8-18 with PTSD or partial PTSD (n = 76) and trauma-exposed controls (TEC) (n = 27) to determine ANS activity and stress reactivity. Within the patient group, 77.

Noninvasive diode laser-an effective and safe treatment of iris cysts in 46 eyes of 35 horses.

Background: Iris cysts in horses are often asymptomatic and noticed incidentally. However, cysts can cause local corneal oedema and erratic behaviour like shying, decreased performance and head-shaking.

Objectives: To describe the use of diode laser as a noninvasive treatment option for iris cysts in the horse and to document factors influencing its efficacy, associated complications, long-term outcome and rate of recurrence.

Individual prediction of trauma-focused psychotherapy response in youth with posttraumatic stress disorder using resting-state functional connectivity.

Randomized controlled trials have shown efficacy of trauma-focused psychotherapies in youth with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, response varies considerably among individuals. Currently, no biomarkers are available to assist clinicians in identifying youth who are most likely to benefit from treatment.

Diagnosing selective mutism: a critical review of measures for clinical practice and research.

Selective mutism (SM) is an anxiety disorder (prevalence 1-2%), characterized by the consistent absence of speaking in specific situations (e.g., in school), while adequately speaking in other situations (e.

Longitudinal Associations Between Trauma Exposure and Executive Functions in Children: Findings from a Dutch Birth Cohort Study.

This study is the first to distinguish two possible predictive directions between trauma exposure and executive functioning in children in a community sample. The sample consists of 1006 children from two time points with a seven years' time interval of a longitudinal Dutch birth cohort study, the ABCD-study (Van Eijsden et al., 2011).

Hand hygiene intervention to optimise soil-transmitted helminth infection control among primary school children: the Mikono Safi cluster randomised controlled trial in northwestern Tanzania.

Background: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are highly prevalent in resource-limited countries. We assessed the effect of a combination intervention aiming to enhance handwashing with soap on STH reinfection following mass drug administration among primary school children in Kagera region, Northwestern Tanzania.

Methods: We conducted a cluster randomised trial in sixteen primary schools with known high STH prevalence.

Dysregulated functional brain connectivity in response to acute social-evaluative stress in adolescents with PTSD symptoms.

: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with dysregulated neural, cortisol, and cardiac stress reactivity and recovery. This understanding is predominantly based on studies in adults applying emotional-cognitive and trauma-related stimuli inducing negative emotions or perceived threat. Despite large numbers of adolescents with PTSD, few studies are available on neurobiological stress reactivity in this population.

Differential DNA Methylation Is Associated With Hippocampal Abnormalities in Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Background: Recent findings in neuroimaging and epigenetics offer important insights into brain structures and biological pathways of altered gene expression associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, it is unknown to what extent epigenetic mechanisms are associated with PTSD and its neurobiology in youth.

Methods: In this study, we combined a methylome-wide association study and structural neuroimaging measures in a Dutch cohort of youths with PTSD (8-18 years of age).

Effects on childhood infections of promoting safe and hygienic complementary-food handling practices through a community-based programme: A cluster randomised controlled trial in a rural area of The Gambia.

Background: The Gambia has high rates of under-5 mortality from diarrhoea and pneumonia, peaking during complementary-feeding age. Community-based interventions may reduce complementary-food contamination and disease rates.

Methods And Findings: A public health intervention using critical control points and motivational drivers, delivered February-April 2015 in The Gambia, was evaluated in a cluster randomised controlled trial at 6- and 32-month follow-up in September-October 2015 and October-December 2017, respectively.

Hand hygiene intervention to optimize helminth infection control: Design and baseline results of Mikono Safi-An ongoing school-based cluster-randomised controlled trial in NW Tanzania.

Introduction: Soil transmitted helminths (STH) can affect over 50% of children in some parts of Tanzania. Control measures involve annual deworming campaigns in schools, but re-infection is rapid. This paper presents the design and baseline survey results of an ongoing school-based cluster-randomised controlled trial in Kagera region, NW Tanzania.

An atypical presentation of a mesenteric Meckel's diverticulum in a 7-year-old warmblood mare: case report.

Background: Meckel's diverticula are a rare cause of small intestinal strangulation, diagnosed at laparotomy or necropsy. This congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract originates from a remnant of the vitelline duct. In reported equine cases, they present as a full-thickness diverticulum on the antimesenteric border of the distal jejunum or proximal ileum.

Effectiveness of a behavioral treatment protocol for selective mutism in children: Design of a randomized controlled trial.

Selective mutism (SM) is a relatively rare anxiety disorder, characterized by a child's consistent failure to speak in various specific social situations (e.g., at school), while being able to speak in other situations (e.

Clinical, ultrasonographic, and histopathologic findings in seven horses with Descemet's membrane detachment: A case series.

Objective: To describe ultrasonography as a diagnostic method of in vivo Descemet's membrane detachment (DMD) in horses.

Animals Studied: Seven horses (three Icelandic horses, two Dutch Warmblood horses, one Appaloosa, and one Welsh Pony), presenting with moderate-to-severe focal or diffuse corneal edema, in whom DMD was suspected on ultrasonographic examination and confirmed with histopathology, were studied.

Procedure: A retrospective analysis of case records of horses with suspected DMD was performed.

Anaerobic digestion is the dominant pathway for pit latrine decomposition and is limited by intrinsic factors.

In vitro methods were used to assess the full potential for decomposition (measured as biogas formation) from pit latrine samples taken from the top layer of 15 Tanzanian latrines. We found considerable variability in the decomposition rate and extent. This was compared with decomposition in the same latrines, measured by comparing top layer composition with fresh stools and deeper (older) layers, to assess whether this potential was realised in situ.

Pretreatment cortisol predicts trauma-focused psychotherapy response in youth with (partial) posttraumatic stress disorder.

Background: Despite availability of effective trauma-focused psychotherapies, treatment non-response in youth with (partial) posttraumatic stress disorder remains substantial. Studies in adult PTSD have suggested that cortisol is associated with treatment outcome. Furthermore, cortisol prior to treatment could be used to predict treatment success.

Pit latrine fill-up rates: variation determinants and public health implications in informal settlements, Nakuru-Kenya.

Background: Pit latrine operational management and sludge accumulation rate, presents a challenging sanitation problem in low-income urban settlements. However, these challenges have been under-researched. This study was carried out between December 2014 and September 2015 in Nakuru, Kenya.