Managing Oxidative Stress Using Vitamin C to Improve Biocompatibility of Polycaprolactone for Bone Regeneration .

Increased oxidative stress in bone cells is known to negatively alter favorable bone regeneration. This study aimed to develop a porous polycaprolactone (PCL) membrane incorporated with 25 wt % Vitamin C (PCL-Vit C) and compared it to the PCL membrane to control oxidative stress and enhance biomineralization Both membranes were characterized using SEM-EDS, FTIR spectroscopy, and surface hydrophilicity. Vitamin C release was quantified colorimetrically.

In vitro immunomodulatory effect of solid versus porous phosphate-based glass microspheres using macrophages.

This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of two different forms of phosphate-based glass microspheres (solid and porous), on human macrophages. Human THP-1 monocytes were converted to M0 macrophages after being treated with 100 ng/mL phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate for 48 h. The differentiated cells were analysed for the CD14 marker using flow cytometry.

Novel lactoferrin-conjugated gallium complex to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infection.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of opportunistic infections such as chronic wound infection that could lead to multiple organ failure and death. Gallium (Ga) ions are known to inhibit P. aeruginosa growth and biofilm formation but require carrier for localized controlled delivery.

Cyclic shear fatigue of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel using self-adhering flowable composites.

Background: Self-adhering composites are claimed to bond to teeth without prior acid etching and bonding steps. This study aimed to evaluate the cyclic shear fatigue (CSF) of metal orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel using self-adhering flowable composites (Constic and Vertise Flow) in comparison with that of total-etch and self-etch adhesives.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five human premolars comprising 100 surfaces were randomly divided into four groups (n = 25): total-etch, self-etch, Constic, and Vertise Flow.

Perceived confidence of dental students and new graduates in performing tooth extractions-An exploratory study.

Introduction: The ability to perform uncomplicated tooth extractions is a core clinical skill in undergraduate dental education. The aim of this study was to evaluate pre-extraction assessment skills of dental students and interns and explore their self-perceived confidence in performing these tooth extractions.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional survey investigated the self-perceived confidence to perform the extraction for a set of eight expert-rated cases.

Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Efficacy of Copper-Doped Phosphate Glass on Pathogenic Bacteria.

Unlabelled: This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial [minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC)] and antibiofilm activity [log10 colony forming unit/mL (CFU/mL) and biofilm disruption] of copper-doped phosphate glass (CDPG) against and .

Methods: the antibacterial activity was determined using microbroth dilution and time-kill assay. The antibiofilm activity was investigated using crystal violet and confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Effect of Different Decontamination Methods on Fracture Resistance, Microstructure, and Surface Roughness of Zirconia Restorations-In Vitro Study.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of seven different decontamination methods (water, ZirClean, 37% phosphoric acid, 9.5% hydrofluoric acid, AlO sandblasting, low-speed dental stone, and high-speed dental stone) on the fracture resistance, microstructure, and surface roughness of monolithic and multilayered zirconia. The as-received and sandblasted zirconia was used as a control.

Bonding of Clear Aligner Composite Attachments to Ceramic Materials: An In Vitro Study.

Background: We aim to evaluate the effect of surface conditioning, bonding agents and composite types on surface roughness (SR) and shear bond strength (SBS) of clear aligner composite attachments bonded to ceramics. Methods: One hundred and eighty IPS e.max CAD specimens were prepared.

Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Action of Extract as Intracanal Medication (In Vitro and Ex Vivo Experiment).

This study aimed to test the biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of   () extract, a natural product, as an intracanal medication in comparison with calcium hydroxide (Metapaste, META BIOMED, Cheongju, Korea). The pH values of both materials were tested. The biocompatibility of extract and Metapaste was determined using light microscopy and MTT assays.

Antibacterial, remineralising and matrix metalloproteinase inhibiting scandium-doped phosphate glasses for treatment of dental caries.

Objectives: Antibiotic resistance is increasingly a growing global threat. This study aimed to investigate the potential use of newly developed scandium-doped phosphate-based glasses (Sc-PBGs) as an antibacterial and anticariogenic agent through controlled release of Sc ions.

Methods: Sc-PBGs with various calcium and sodium oxide contents were produced and characterised using thermal and spectroscopic analysis.

An Eggshell-Based Toothpaste as a Cost-Effective Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity.

Objectives: This study aimed to test the efficacy of two experimentally produced eggshell-based toothpastes on dentinal tubules occlusion.

Materials And Methods: Two experimental eggshell toothpastes, based on natural ingredients, with or without titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) were produced and coded "TNPs eggshell toothpaste [TNPsESTP]" or "eggshell toothpaste [ESTP]," respectively. Mid-coronal dentin discs, from 28 human extracted molar teeth, etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 60 seconds to simulate the hypersensitive dentin, were randomly divided into four groups-G1: no treatment (negative control), G2: ESTP treated, G3: TNPsESTP treated, and G4: Biorepair treated (positive control).

Morphological and Spectroscopic Study of an Apatite Layer Induced by Fast-Set Versus Regular-Set EndoSequence Root Repair Materials.

This study aimed to evaluate the morphology and chemistry of an apatite layer induced by fast-set versus regular-set EndoSequence root repair materials using spectroscopic analysis. Holes of a 4 mm diameter were created in the root canal dentin, which were filled with the test material. Fetal calf serum was used as the incubation medium, and the samples incubated in deionized water were used as controls.

Superfast Set, Strong and Less Degradable Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Cement.

Purpose: Despite the good sealing ability and biocompatibility of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), its slow setting, high degradation, and weakness limit its use in surgical endodontics and high stress-bearing areas. This study aimed to develop two new liquids to control these drawbacks. They were prepared from calcium chloride, fumed silica, and hydroxyapatite or calcium phosphate and coded "H" and "P," respectively.

Sodium Hypochlorite Irrigation and Its Effect on Bond Strength to Dentin.

Effective shaping and cleaning of root canals are essential for the success of endodontic treatment. Due to the complex anatomy of root canal spaces, the use of various instrumentation techniques alone is not effective in producing bacteria-free root canal spaces. Irrigation, disinfectants, rinses, and intervisit medications are used in conjunction with the mechanical instrumentation to ensure the success of endodontic treatment.

Bioactive calcium phosphate-based glasses and ceramics and their biomedical applications: A review.

An overview of the formation of calcium phosphate under in vitro environment on the surface of a range of bioactive materials (e.g. from silicate, borate, and phosphate glasses, glass-ceramics, bioceramics to metals) based on recent literature is presented in this review.

Demineralization-remineralization dynamics in teeth and bone.

Biomineralization is a dynamic, complex, lifelong process by which living organisms control precipitations of inorganic nanocrystals within organic matrices to form unique hybrid biological tissues, for example, enamel, dentin, cementum, and bone. Understanding the process of mineral deposition is important for the development of treatments for mineralization-related diseases and also for the innovation and development of scaffolds. This review provides a thorough overview of the up-to-date information on the theories describing the possible mechanisms and the factors implicated as agonists and antagonists of mineralization.

Development of dental composites with reactive fillers that promote precipitation of antibacterial-hydroxyapatite layers.

The study aim was to develop light-curable, high strength dental composites that would release calcium phosphate and chlorhexidine (CHX) but additionally promote surface hydroxyapatite/CHX co-precipitation in simulated body fluid (SBF). 80 wt.% urethane dimethacrylate based liquid was mixed with glass fillers containing 10 wt.

Nanotechnology in dentistry: prevention, diagnosis, and therapy.

Nanotechnology has rapidly expanded into all areas of science; it offers significant alternative ways to solve scientific and medical questions and problems. In dentistry, nanotechnology has been exploited in the development of restorative materials with some significant success. This review discusses nanointerfaces that could compromise the longevity of dental restorations, and how nanotechnolgy has been employed to modify them for providing long-term successful restorations.

The future perspectives of natural materials for pulmonary drug delivery and lung tissue engineering.

Introduction: Search for new, functional biomaterials that can be used to synergistically deliver a drug, enhance its adsorption and stimulate the post-injury recovery of tissue function, is one of the priorities in biomedicine. Currently used materials for drug delivery fail to satisfy one or more of these functionalities, thus they have limited potential and new classes of materials are urgently needed.

Areas Covered: Natural materials, due to their origin, physical and chemical structure can potentially fulfill these requirements and there is already strong evidence of their usefulness in drug delivery.

Tissue engineering in dentistry.

Objectives: of this review is to inform practitioners with the most updated information on tissue engineering and its potential applications in dentistry.

Data: The authors used "PUBMED" to find relevant literature written in English and published from the beginning of tissue engineering until today. A combination of keywords was used as the search terms e.

Root maturation and dentin-pulp response to enamel matrix derivative in pulpotomized permanent teeth.

The success of pulpotomy of young permanent teeth depends on the proper selection of dressing materials. This study aimed to evaluate the histological and histomorphometric response of dentin-pulp complex to the enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain(®) gel) compared to that of calcium hydroxide when used as a pulp dressing in immature young permanent dogs' teeth. Dentin-like tissues bridging the full width of the coronal pulp at the interface between the injured and healthy pulp tissues were seen after 1 month in both groups.

Biological performance of titania containing phosphate-based glasses for bone tissue engineering applications.

The interplay between glass chemistry, structure, degradation kinetics, and biological activity provides flexibility for the development of scaffolds with highly specific cellular response. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the role of titania inclusion into the phosphate-based glass on its ability to stimulate osteoblast-like human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells to adhere, proliferate and differentiate. In depth morphological and biochemical characterisation was performed on HOS cells cultured on the surface of glass discs.

Hydroxyapatite, fluor-hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite produced via the sol-gel method: dissolution behaviour and biological properties after crystallisation.

Hydroxyapatite (HA), fluor-hydroxyapatite (FHA) with varying levels of fluoride ion substitution and fluorapatite (FA) were synthesised by the sol-gel method as possible implant coating or bone-grafting materials. Calcium nitrate and triethyl phosphite were used as precursors under an ethanol-water based solution. Different amounts of ammonium fluoride were incorporated for the preparation of the FHA and FA sol-gels.

Silica-based mesoporous nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery.

Drug molecules with lack of specificity and solubility lead patients to take high doses of the drug to achieve sufficient therapeutic effects. This is a leading cause of adverse drug reactions, particularly for drugs with narrow therapeutic window or cytotoxic chemotherapeutics. To address these problems, there are various functional biocompatible drug carriers available in the market, which can deliver therapeutic agents to the target site in a controlled manner.

Collagen--emerging collagen based therapies hit the patient.

The choice of biomaterials available for regenerative medicine continues to grow rapidly, with new materials often claiming advantages over the short-comings of those already in existence. Going back to nature, collagen is one of the most abundant proteins in mammals and its role is essential to our way of life. It can therefore be obtained from many sources including porcine, bovine, equine or human and offer a great promise as a biomimetic scaffold for regenerative medicine.