DNA damage and oxidative stress in gill cells of Cnesterodon decemmaculatus exposed to pesticides by runoff source in an agricultural basin.

In our country, great concern exists about diffuse pollution cause by the great use of pesticides in rural environments. A thorough analysis is needed to generate information, know the real situation and thus, be able to make decisions with the purpose of reducing environmental pollution. In situ bioassays have been carried out using Cnesterodon decemmaculatus within limnocorrals located in a surface natural water system that receives rainfall excess flowing from an agricultural basin with a typical crop rotation, including corn, wheat and soy.

Identification and evaluation of antioxidant and reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in blood of .

The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been one of the most promising approaches to perform rapid and accurate quantification of DNA in various biological systems. The aim of this study was to standardized the qPCR technique for the analysis of important genes involved in the main routes of antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen species (catalase: and superoxide dismutase: ) and evaluate the stability of different reference genes in blood of hatchlings. The stability of the reference genes, , glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase () and ribosomal protein L8 () was determined using the comparative ΔCt, NormFinder, geNorm, BestKeeper and RefFinder.