Cochlear Implant Device Failures Falling Under the 2020 FDA Voluntary Field Corrective Action: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To compare the rate of device failure for those cochlear implants (CIs) involved in the 2020 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) voluntary field corrective action (VFCA).

Databases Reviewed: Medline, Embase, and Scopus.

Methods: A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines.

The IRE1α-XBP1 arm of the unfolded protein response is a host factor activated in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause severe pneumonia, wherein exacerbated inflammation plays a major role. This is reminiscent of the process commonly termed cytokine storm, a condition dependent on a disproportionated production of cytokines. This state involves the activation of the innate immune response by viral patterns and coincides with the biosynthesis of the biomass required for viral replication, which may overwhelm the capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum and drive the unfolded protein response (UPR).

The Role of Lumbar Drains in the Perioperative Management of Primary Spontaneous Temporal Lobe Encephaloceles and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks.

Objective: To examine the role of lumbar drains (LDs) in the success of spontaneous temporal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and encephalocele repair.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary academic health system.

Use of Soft Cervical Collar Improves Surgeon Ergonomics During Simulated Otologic Surgery.

Objective: To determine whether surgeon use of a soft cervical collar during endoscopic and microscopic otologic surgery is feasible and impacts surgeon ergonomics as measured by inertial sensors.

Study Design: Prospective crossover trial.

Setting: US-based otolaryngology training program.

Cost-Effectiveness of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Versus Second-Look Surgery in Treating Cholesteatoma: A Modeling Study.

Objective: To evaluate whether canal wall-up (CWU) tympanomastoidectomy with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) is a cost-effective method of treating cholesteatoma compared with CWU with second-look surgery.

Design And Setting: Cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted using a Markov state transition model. The simulation model adhered to the Panel Recommendations on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine established by the US Public Health Service.

SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD-specific IgA and IgG antibodies in breast milk after vaccination with the protein subunit vaccine Abdala.

Background: COVID-19 vaccines that trigger a strong secretory antibody response in breast milk may achieve effective passive protection of vulnerable newborns and breastfed infants of immunized mothers. The aim of this work was to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD-specific IgA and IgG antibodies in breast milk, 5 and 9 weeks after vaccination with 3 doses of the protein subunit vaccine Abdala, compared to those found in breast milk from COVID-19-recovered women, collected at least 40 days after the infection.

Methods: SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD-specific IgA and IgG antibodies were semi-quantified by indirect ELISA, using a homemade standard generated by pooling twenty breast milk samples with high absorbance values according to preliminary data.

Step-by-step full factorial design to optimize a quantitative sandwich ELISA.

In this work, a quantitative sandwich ELISA was optimized, through a full factorial design of experiments (DOE) in successive steps of a preliminary protocol obtained by the method of one factor at a time (OFAT). The specificity of the optimized ELISA, the lower limit of quantification, the quantification range and the analytical sensitivity of the antigen quantification curve were evaluated, in comparison with the curve obtained from the preliminary protocol. The full factorial DOE was linked to a simple statistical processing, which facilitates the interpretation of the results in those laboratories where there is no trained statistician.

Ondine's curse: clinical presentation with diaphragmatic pacing and spontaneous respiratory recovery. Illustrative case.

Background: The complexity of posterior fossa surgery can often lead to rare complications due to the anatomy involved. Vestibular schwannoma resection is a common pathology in the posterior fossa, often requiring surgical intervention. Given the proximity of this space to the brainstem, cranial nerve VII/VIII complex, and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), neurovascular complications are not infrequent.

Ergonomic Analysis of Otologic Surgery: Comparison of Endoscope and Microscope.

Objective: The comparative postural health of surgeons performing endoscopic and microscopic otologic surgeries has been a topic of active debate, with many nascent or anecdotal reports suggesting the latter encourages suboptimal ergonomics. Using inertial body sensors to measure joint angles, this study sought to objectively evaluate and compare the ergonomics of surgeons during endoscopic and microscopic otologic surgeries.

Study Design: Prospective pilot trial.

Institutional Experience With Cochlear Implants Falling Under the 2020 FDA Corrective Action.

Objective: To determine the rate of device failure for those cochlear implants falling under the 2020 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) voluntary corrective action.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Tertiary otology-neurotology practice.

Temporal changes in endolymphatic hydrops on MRI with or without intervention: A systematic review.

Objective: The pathophysiology of Meniere's Disease (MD) involves endolymphatic hydrops (ELH) of the inner ear. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been shown to detect ELH, but changes in ELH have been poorly described using this modality. Our objective was to review MRI-measured changes in ELH over time and after medical and/or surgical intervention in patients with MD.

Does "Just in Time" teaching of ergonomic principles improve posture of trainees during otologic microscopic surgery?

Purpose: Musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent among otolaryngologists and otologists with symptoms starting during residency. Prior data suggested that high-risk joint angles were often adopted at procedure onset, suggesting a detrimental "natural" operating position. Despite its importance, dedicated ergonomic teaching is not systematically introduced into residency training.

Initial Experience With Two Active Transcutaneous Bone-Anchored Hearing Implants.

Objective: To analyze our institutional experience with two active transcutaneous bone-anchored hearing aids.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary academic otology-neurotology practice.

Sharing in-office otoendoscopy recordings may improve patient satisfaction: A prospective cohort study.

Objective: Evaluate the impact of sharing otoendoscopy exams on patient satisfaction in the outpatient clinical setting.

Methods: Randomized, prospective cohort study. Consecutive adults presenting to otology clinic at one tertiary referral center were randomized into two groups: standard microscopy (SM) and video otoendoscopy (VO).

Gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy outcomes after 4 years of follow-up in a large cohort of patients with refractory gastroparesis (with video).

Background And Aims: Gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) is used for refractory gastroparesis (RG) with good early-term but variable mid- and long-term outcomes. Limited data exist about candidates and long-term clinical and predictive factors. Our aim was to evaluate the 4-year follow-up efficacy and predictive factors in patients with RG.

Implementation of a COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Regional Network for Latin America and Caribbean region.

The timely release of SARS-CoV-2 first genomic sequences allowed the identification of the etiologic agent and development of diagnostic protocols. Genomic sequencing was a crucial step in generating data for driving laboratory response and detections of SARS-CoV-2 since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of all the progression and achievements that timely release of genetic sequence data represents in the public health response, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) in collaboration with countries' public health laboratories, started implementation of a network for strengthening the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region on timely generation of SARS-CoV-2 genomic data.

Cost-effectiveness of Canal Wall-Up vs Canal Wall-Down Mastoidectomy: A Modeling Study.

Objective: To assess the relative lifetime costs, benefits, and cost-effectiveness between the 2 approaches, canal wall-up (CWU) and canal wall-down (CWD) tympanomastoidectomy, used in the treatment of cholesteatomas.

Study Design: Markov state transition model.

Setting: Tertiary academic health system.

A Review of Noninfectious Diseases Masquerading as Acute Mastoiditis.

Objective: Acute mastoiditis is commonly attributed to infection. Rarely do clinicians encounter cases that do not respond to traditional antibiotics or surgical management. The goal of this study was to systematically review the literature to characterize diseases masquerading as acute infectious mastoiditis.

Murine monoclonal antibodies against RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as useful analytical tools for subunit vaccine development and clinical trials.

COVID-19 pandemic poses a serious threat to human health; it has completely disrupted global stability, making vaccine development an important goal to achieve. Monoclonal antibodies play an important role in subunit vaccines strategies. In this work, nine murine MAbs against the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were obtained by hybridoma technology.

The challenge of detecting adverse events in adults with autism spectrum disorder who have intellectual disability.

Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and associated intellectual disability (ID) take a high number of different psychotropic drugs simultaneously. Nowadays, little is known about this multidrug pattern efficacy and safety. The present study has endeavored to fill this gap creating a local pharmacovigilance system.

Antifungal Activity of Extracts, Fractions, and Constituents from Leaves.

Britton (Polygonaceae, order Caryophyllales) is an endemic and critically endangered plant species that only grows in the municipality of Camagüey, a province of Cuba. A preliminary investigation of its total methanolic extract led to the discovery of promising antifungal activity. In this study, a bioassay-guided fractionation allowed the isolation of quercetin and four methoxyflavonoids: 3--methylquercetin, myricetin 3,3',4'-trimethyl ether, 6-methoxymyricetin 3,4'-dimethyl ether, and 6-methoxymyricetin 3,3',4'-trimethyl ether.

A genomic snapshot of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in Colombia.

Little is known about the genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) circulating in Latin America. It has been observed that typhoid fever is still endemic in this part of the world; however, a lack of standardized blood culture surveillance across Latin American makes estimating the true disease burden problematic.

Initial Experience With a Recently Developed Lateral Wall Electrode.

Objective: To review our hearing preservation rates and speech recognition outcomes in patients undergoing cochlear implantation with a recently developed lateral wall electrode.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Retrospective case series of all patients, both pediatric and adult, undergoing cochlear implantation with the Advanced Bionics Hifocus™ SlimJ electrode between December 2017 and January 2020.