An intramedullary nail coated with antibiotic and growth factor nanoparticles: An individualized state-of-the-art treatment for chronic osteomyelitis with bone defects.

Among various infections, chronic osteomyelitis is one of the most challenging in terms of treatment. This infection is more common among patients with open fractures and those who have undergone elective orthopedic procedures. The treatment of osteomyelitis requires high antibiotic doses and an aggressive and multifaceted surgical approach.

The Holy Grail of Orthopedic Surgery: Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Their Current Uses and Potential Applications.

Only select tissues and organs are able to spontaneously regenerate after disease or trauma, and this regenerative capacity diminishes over time. Human stem cell research explores therapeutic regenerative approaches to treat various conditions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are derived from adult stem cells; they are multipotent and exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.