Experiences of Māori and Pacific women recruited into a pregnancy clinical trial in Aotearoa, New Zealand: a Kaupapa Māori qualitative study.

Objectives: To explore the perspectives of Māori and Pacific women who participated in the Fish Oil study to ascertain what barriers and facilitators may exist for successfully recruiting Māori and Pacific women into clinical trials.

Design: A Kaupapa Māori qualitative study.

Setting: Auckland, New Zealand.

Examining the Past Injustices Suffered by Those in Corrections and the General Public: A New Therapeutic Approach May Be Necessary.

One under-researched area within corrections is the connection among (a) past adverse events, particularly in the form of injustices against those who now are incarcerated, (b) crimes committed and then (c) healing from the effects of that past adversity of injustice. Might those who have experienced severe injustices against them develop an anger or a hatred that then is displaced onto others, leading to arrest, conviction and imprisonment? This is not to imply that societies condone illegal behaviour but instead to assist in the healing from the adversity so that future crime is reduced. As a first step in this sequence, the study here examined in detail the kinds of injustices suffered by men in a maximum-security correctional institution (N = 103) compared with men in a medium-security environment (N = 37) and in the general public (N = 96).

The acceptability of exercise prehabilitation before cancer surgery among patients, family members and health professionals: a mixed methods evaluation.

Purpose: Exercise prehabilitation aims to increase preoperative fitness, reduce post-operative complications, and improve health-related quality of life. For prehabilitation to work, access to an effective programme which is acceptable to stakeholders is vital. The aim was to explore acceptability of exercise prehabilitation before cancer surgery among key stakeholders specifically patients, family members and healthcare providers.

Expanding the cross-cultural validity of the Enright Forgiveness Inventory short form.

This research assessed the cross-cultural validity and internal consistency of the Enright Forgiveness Inventory short form (EFI-30). A total of 1677 people across four countries (United States, the Philippines, China and Saudi Arabia) participated in the study. Data analysis relied on multigroup confirmatory factor analysis and assessments of internal consistency.

Neurobio-logy of multiple myeloma and its therapeutical use - results of the pilot study with a control arm.

Background: Myeloma cells, occupying a bone marrow niche, are influenced not only by neighbouring stroma cells but also by signals from the axons of sympathetic nervous system. The nervous system is directly involved in the process of myeloma progression. Among other cancers, patients with myeloma suffer the most difficult distress generating intensive adrenergic signals, causing its further progression.

A meta-analysis of forgiveness education interventions' effects on forgiveness and anger in children and adolescents.

Forgiveness education interventions instruct children and adolescents in understanding forgiveness and its role in healthy relationships. In this meta-analytic review, 20 studies involving 1472 youth (51% female; M  = 11.66) from 10 countries (studies: 40% North American, 25% East Asian, 20% Middle Eastern, 15% European) were retrieved to determine forgiveness education interventions' effects on youth outcomes.

Integrating mindfulness and connection practices into preservice teacher education results in durable automatic race bias reductions.

Automatic race bias, which is the tendency to associate positive attributes more quickly with White as compared to Black faces, reflects enculturation processes linked to inequitable teaching behaviors. In sample of undergraduate preservice teachers (N = 88), we examined whether a novel mindfulness and connection practice intervention without anti-bias content incorporated into undergraduate teacher education would result in reduced automatic race bias favoring White faces. Random assignment to the intervention predicted significantly reduced race preference for White child faces immediately after the intervention.

Motivations for Forgiving an Offender with Practical Implications for Those in the Helping Professions: A Qualitative Study.

While the forgiveness literature is rapidly growing, little attention has been paid to the general public's motivations for forgiving. Using a qualitative approach, this study examined 100 participants' stated reasons for forgiving. The following seven themes have emerged: (1) forgiveness is the key to inner peace, (2) relationships matter, (3) forgiveness is conditional, (4) they forgive because of love/concern for the other in the human community, (5) forgiveness is a (moral and religious) duty, (6) they forgive for the sake of others, and (7) they forgive for growth.

Metastatic and locally aggressive BCC: Current treatment options.

The treatment of locally advanced and metastatic BCC presents a significant clinical challenge. Treatment options have evolved recently to include the use of hedgehog inhibitors Vismodigib and Sonidigib and immunotherapy with Cemiplimab.

A Longitudinal Analysis of Social Skills and Adolescent Depression: A Multivariate Latent Growth Approach.

Ample research has shown that the link between social skills and adolescent depression is significant. However, how the changes in different domains of social skills influence the change in depression from early to middle adolescence remains largely unknown. To address this gap in knowledge, the current research used longitudinal data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N = 1061) to examine the influences of the changes in cooperation, assertion, responsibility, and self-control on the change in depression from early to middle adolescence.

The Effectiveness of a Forgiveness Intervention on Mental Health in Bereaved Parents-A Pilot Study.

The aim of this pilot study was to test the effectiveness of an educational forgiveness intervention on mental health in grieving parents. 21 grieving parents were randomly assigned to the experimental group (in which the educational forgiveness intervention occurred) and to the control group (in which a psycho-education grief intervention with a humanistic approach took place). Participants in both groups completed 12 individual hourly sessions for three months.

Forgiveness therapy in a maximum-security correctional institution: A randomized clinical trial.

Objective: Forgiveness Therapy is proposed as a novel approach to rehabilitation for men in a maximum-security correctional institution to alleviate psychological compromises.

Method: In a two-tiered study, volunteer participants within a correctional institution (N = 103) were asked to report past experiences of abuse and unjust treatment prior to their first crime and were measured on anger, anxiety, depression, hope and forgiveness. Twenty four of the most clinically compromised participants were selected from this initial assessment, with pairs first matched on certain characteristics and then randomly assigned to either experimental or control group interventions followed by a cross-over design (N = 9 in each group at the study's end).

Electrodeposited Thin-Film Micro-Thermoelectric Coolers with Extreme Heat Flux Handling and Microsecond Time Response.

Thin-film thermoelectric coolers are emerging as a viable option for the on-chip temperature management of electronic and photonic integrated circuits. In this work, we demonstrate the record heat flux handling capability of electrodeposited BiTe films of 720(±60) W cm at room temperature, achieved by careful control of the contact interfaces to reduce contact resistance. The characteristic parameters of a single leg thin-film devices were measured in situ, giving a Seebeck coefficient of = -121(±6) μV K, thermal conductivity of κ = 0.

A randomized controlled trial of a forgiveness intervention program with female acid attack survivors in Pakistan.

Despite the traumatic effects of acid violence on its victims, treatment options are very limited. The present study was aimed at examining the efficacy of a forgiveness intervention with female survivors of acid attack violence in Pakistan. Female acid attack victims in Pakistan were randomized to either a forgiveness group (n = 8) or a treatment-as-usual (TAU; n = 8) control group.

Trauma and healing in the underserved populations of homelessness and corrections: Forgiveness Therapy as an added component to intervention.

The purpose of this article is to begin applying the principles of the psychology of forgiveness to people who are without homes and people who are in prisons. A review of the literature shows trauma for both groups. When the trauma is caused by unjust treatment by others, then excessive anger can result, compromising one's psychological and physical health.

Molecular physics of jumping nanodroplets.

Next-generation processor-chip cooling devices and self-cleaning surfaces can be enhanced by a passive process that requires little to no electrical input, through coalescence-induced nanodroplet jumping. Here, we describe the crucial impact thermal capillary waves and ambient gas rarefaction have on enhancing/limiting the jumping speeds of nanodroplets on low adhesion surfaces. By using high-fidelity non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations in conjunction with well-resolved volume-of-fluid continuum calculations, we are able to quantify the different dissipation mechanisms that govern nanodroplet jumping at length scales that are currently difficult to access experimentally.

Synthesis of centimeter-size free-standing perovskite nanosheets from single-crystal lead bromide for optoelectronic devices.

Considerable attention has been drawn to the lead halide perovskites (LHPs) because of their outstanding optoelectronic characteristics. LHP nanosheets (NSs) grown from single crystalline lead halide possess advantages in device applications as they provide the possibility for control over morphology, composition, and crystallinity. Here, free-standing lead bromide (PbBr) single-crystalline NSs with sizes up to one centimeter are synthesized from solution.

A meta-analysis of the association between forgiveness of others and physical health.

Objective: This meta-analysis tested the relation between forgiveness of others and physical health (PH) with age, gender, race, education level, employment status, sample type, research design, type of PH variables, and publication status as the potential moderators.

Design: Eligible studies had participants with or without physical or mental health problems and had quantitative data on forgiveness of others and PH. The random-effects model was used to aggregate Fisher's z effect sizes, which were converted back to correlation coefficients.

Childhood Victimization, Recent Injustice, Anger, and Forgiveness in a Sample of Imprisoned Male Offenders.

The links between childhood victimization, subsequent emotional dysregulation, and insufficient coping skills have been repeatedly documented in the scientific literature. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding the role of forgiveness as a coping strategy and relationships between offense-specific hurt, chronic anger, and early victimization. The goals of our study were (a) to explore how offenders cope with recent unjust treatment, and test the links between type of injustice, hurt experienced due to injustice, and use of forgiveness; (b) to test the links between childhood victimization, hurt, and chronic anger; and (c) to assess the mediating role of chronic anger in relation to hurt and forgiveness.

Athermal operation of multi-section slotted tunable lasers.

Two distinct athermal bias current procedures based on thermal tuning are demonstrated for a low-cost, monotlithic, three section slotted single mode laser, achieving mode-hop free wavelength stability of ± 0.04 nm / 5 GHz over a temperature range of 8-47 °C. This is the first time that athermal performance has been demonstrated for a three-section slotted laser with simple fabrication, and is well within the 50 GHz grid spacing specified for DWDM systems.

Exploring the Role of Adsorption and Surface State on the Hydrophobicity of Rare Earth Oxides.

Rare earth oxides (REOs) are attracting attention for use as cost-effective, high-performance dropwise condensers because of their favorable thermal properties and robust nature. However, to engineer a suitable surface for industrial applications, the mechanism governing wetting must be first fully elucidated. Recent studies exploring the water-wetting state of REOs have suggested that these oxides are intrinsically hydrophobic owing to the unique electronic structure of the lanthanide series.

Capturing goats: documenting two hundred years of mitochondrial DNA diversity among goat populations from Britain and Ireland.

The domestic goat () plays a key role in global agriculture, being especially prized in regions of marginal pasture. However, the advent of industrialized breeding has seen a dramatic reduction in genetic diversity within commercial populations, while high extinction rates among feral herds have further depleted the reservoir of genetic variation available. Here, we present the first survey of whole mitochondrial genomic variation among the modern and historical goat populations of Britain and Ireland using a combination of mtDNA enrichment and high throughput sequencing.

Controlled solvent vapor annealing of a high χ block copolymer thin film.

Molecular self-assembling block copolymers (BCPs) have shown promise as a next generation bottom-up lithography technology. However, a critical step in advancing this approach is the elimination of polymer dewetting due to bulk solvent nucleation and thermodynamically driven film rupture that can occur during the solvent vapor annealing process. We report on the pattern formation via phase segregation of spin coated diblock copolymer films through the investigation of annealing parameters in the limit of high solvent vapor saturation conditions that results in wafer-scale patterning without observing polymer dewetting defects.

The influence of family unions and parenthood transitions on self-development.

The present study discusses the impact of union and parenthood transitions on individuals' self-esteem and sense of mastery development from midadolescence to young adulthood by using multilevel analyses with longitudinal data of 7,339 individuals between ages 15 and 38. The results show that, first, individuals in marital unions show significantly greater rates of growth in self-esteem and sense of mastery, compared with singles. Therefore, entering into marriage provides greater protections to individuals' self-esteem and sense of mastery.