Thyroid avoidance in treatment planning for breast cancer patients irradiated to the supraclavicular nodes.

Purpose: Hypothyroidism affects up to 21% of women with breast cancer after supraclavicular node irradiation. The PENTEC (pediatric normal tissue effects in the clinic) initiative highlighted the need to minimize the thyroid dose, albeit without giving a specific constraint. This study aimed to define a reasonable target thyroid mean dose (D) between 10 and 15 Gy using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and examine its impact on the hypothyroidism risk.

Spinal fractures in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: A case report and literature review.

Background: Severe ankylosing spondylitis (AS) affects the entire spine, increasing the risk of vertebral fractures. There are several fusion procedures used (e.g.

Acute Neurological Manifestations of Porphyrias and its Types: A Systematic- Review.

Introduction: Acute porphyrias cause life-threatening attacks of neurovisceral non-specific symptoms, so this condition mimics many acute medical and psychiatric diseases. The disease is very misdiagnosed, probably due to its low incidence and non-pathognomonic symptoms, this delays the effective treatment onset. Early diagnosis and treatment highly improve the prognosis and can prevent the development of neuropathic manifestations.

Pseudarthrosis in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with a self-locking, stand-alone cage filled with hydroxyapatite: a retrospective study with clinical and radiological outcomes of 98 levels with a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the incidence of pseudarthrosis after the treatment of cervical degenerative disc disease (CDDD) with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in which self-locking, stand-alone intervertebral cages filled with hydroxyapatite were used.

Methods: The authors performed a retrospective cohort study of 49 patients who underwent 1- to 3-level ACDF with self-locking, stand-alone intervertebral cages without plates, with a minimum 2 years of follow-up. The following data were extracted from radiological and clinical charts: age, sex, time and type of pre- and postoperative signs and symptoms, pain status (visual analog scale [VAS]), functional status (Neck Disability Index [NDI]), history of smoking, bone quality (bone densitometry), and complications.

Idiopathic Ventral Spinal Cord Herniation: Video Report and Systematic Review.

Background: Idiopathic ventral spinal cord herniation (ISCH) is a rare disease; however, it is an important differential diagnosis. Its treatment presents some controversies.

Case Description: We report on a 55-year-old woman who had been presenting with relevant back pain and leg weakness for the past 3 years and urinary incontinence for the past 3 months.

Correlation Between Different Interbody Grafts and Pseudarthrosis After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Compared with Control Group: Systematic Review.

Background: Cervical spine degenerative disease is one of the main causes of myelopathy. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is the most common surgical procedure used to treat cervical myelopathy. Therefore, it is important to study pseudarthrosis rates after ACDF and correlate them with the graft used.

Nonsaccular aneurysms: A wide comparison between the four main types.

Background: The present study aims to present the most important considerations when it comes to patients features, clinical presentation, localization, morphology, pathogenesis, and the best treatment for each type of the nonsaccular aneurysms.

Methods: We performed a literature review using PubMed. The search was limited to the studies published in English, from 2010 to 2017.

Fusiform aneurysms: A review from its pathogenesis to treatment options.

Background: This study aims to present the most important considerations when it comes to patients features, clinical presentation, localization, and morphology of the aneurysm and the treatments outcomes of the fusiform aneurysms.

Methods: We performed a literature review using PubMed. The search was limited to the studies published in English, from 2003 to 2017.